【正文】 他們談?wù)摰氖亲蛱焱砩夏骋粫r(shí)刻發(fā)生的事情，所以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 3. (2022 年江西省南昌市中考試題 ) I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. Oh, I am sorry I _________ dinner at my friend‘s house. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had 答案： C。該題考查的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。在這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞中，只有 spend常用于 ―spend …ding sth.‖ 的句型里，所以選 D。 The soldiers arrived at a small village The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow. 【實(shí)例解析】 1. (2022 年北京海淀區(qū)中考試題） I‘m interested in animals, so I ________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital. A. pay B. get C. take D. spend 答案： D。 After the train had left, they reached the station We reached the top of the mountain at last. 2) get 是不及動(dòng)詞，常與 to 連用，再接名詞，后面接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞時(shí)，不用 to， get to 常用于口語中。 Do you know how to use the puter? Shall we use your car? (7)reach, get 和 arrive 的區(qū)別。t spend much time on his lessons. He spent much time (in) correcting students39。 1) take 指做某事用多少時(shí)間，句型是： It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth. It took me three days to finish the work. It will take you a while week to travel thought the forest. It takes only one hour to fly to Shanghai. 2) spend 指某人在某事（物）上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢。 dress sb. （給某人穿衣服），而 wear作 ―穿著 ‖用時(shí)，也是及物動(dòng)詞，但它的賓語是物，不是人，即 wear sth.（穿著衣物）。作 ―穿著 ‖解時(shí)，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、 戴帽、戴手套。s cold. You39。著重于穿戴的動(dòng)作。 Tom always wears black shoes. He wears a raincoat even when it is fine. She doesn39。 Do you always carry a handbag? The box is heavy. Can you carry it? 4) get 是去某處將某物拿回來。 Bring me the book, please. May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday? 2) take 意思是 ―拿走 ‖， ―帶走 ‖，把某物或某人從這里 ―帶來 ‖或 ―拿到 ‖某處之意。 1) bring 意思為 ―拿來 ‖、 ―帶來 ‖。 Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li. Could you lend us your radio, please? 3) keep 是 ―保存 ‖的意思，動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)。 1) borrow 意思為 ―借入 ‖，常常與 from 連用，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。 Don39。t see the words on the blackboard. Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday? 3) watch 指的是 ―觀看 ‖， ―注視 ‖之意。 Look! The girl is swimming in the lake. Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual? 2) see 指 ―看見 ‖某物，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。 She told us an interesting story yesterday. My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month. (2) look, see, watch 和 watch 的用法。 Do you speak English? May I speak to Mr Pope, please? 3) talk 表示 ―談話 ‖，是不及物動(dòng)詞，與 to , about, with 等連用，才可以接賓語。 He said he would go there. It39。 6) mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味著 4. 容易混淆的常用動(dòng)詞的辨析 (1) say, speak, talk, tell 的用法。 5) go on to do 做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。 (已做 ) 3) remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做 ) remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做 ) 4) try to do 努力，企圖做某事。 2) fet to do 忘記要去做某事。 （ 6）接動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同 1) stop to do 停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。 （ 5）用不帶 to 不定式的情況 使役動(dòng)詞如： let, have, make 等和感官動(dòng)詞如： see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略 to。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。 （ 2）不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 Father will not allow us to play on the street. （ 3）不定式作目的狀語 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 14 （ 4）用不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語都可以的動(dòng)詞 這樣的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞如： see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel 等，使役動(dòng)詞如： have, make, leave, keep, get 等。 （ 1）非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式 非謂語動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。例如： The food tastes good. 對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)是：感官動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和動(dòng)詞 ing 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法；一些特殊動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)不帶 to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)就要帶 to；有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)詞 ing 形式作賓語，但表達(dá)的意思不同。此類動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞，如： feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch 等。 The children were taken good care of by her. 【注意】 短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不可遺漏。 主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. （ 8）過去將來時(shí)的用法 過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在地狀態(tài)，過去將來時(shí)較多地被運(yùn)用在賓語從句中。） （ 6）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。 We have lived here since 1976. They have waited for more than two hours. 【注意】 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過 去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響；一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。 I have bought a tenspeed bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom. 2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 【注意】有些動(dòng)詞一般不可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) ① 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，尤其是靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如： be, have ② 表示認(rèn)識(shí)、知覺和情感的動(dòng)詞，如： know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer 等。 What are you doing now? I am looking for my key. 2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（但說話時(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作不一定在進(jìn)行）。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. 6） be about + 動(dòng)詞不定式，表示馬上，很快作某事。 I am going to Beijing next week. 5） be + 動(dòng)詞不定式。 I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door? 4） be + going + 動(dòng)詞不定式。例如： 12 I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2）表示將 來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I worked in that factory last year. 【注意】 1) 過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用 used to 或 would 加動(dòng)詞原形來表達(dá)，例如： I used to go fishing on Sundays. 2) ―used to‖也可用于表示過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)。 I39。 The train es at 3 o39。 I don39。 Pride goes before a fall. 【注意】此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 時(shí)間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 英語時(shí)態(tài)用共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，其中常用的有 8 種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)。 the fewer D. The less。 the more B. The fewer。 as good as D. a more important。 better than B. a worse。 that D. no。 to B. to。 a few D. a little。 a few B. a few。又因?yàn)楸硎疽环讲蝗缌硪环揭镁湫?―not as+副詞原級(jí) +as‖，所以只能選 B。該題考查的是形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別。因?yàn)檫@里講的是好吃和更好吃，所以 C,D 要舍去，而選 better。 ‖這里就有一種比較：加黃油和不加黃油。該題考查的是形容詞的比較等級(jí)。因?yàn)槭乾F(xiàn)在和過去進(jìn)行比較，所以要用比較級(jí)，又因?yàn)槭切揎棽豢蓴?shù)名詞，只能用 less, 而不能用 fewer。 2. (2022 年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題 ) He has made _______ progress this term than before. A. little B. less C. fewer D. much 答案 B。因?yàn)槭翘?陽，地球和月亮三者進(jìn)行比較，選用形容詞的最高級(jí)，而且最高級(jí)之前要加定冠詞 the。