【正文】
Parag?raph 2: The trans?ition? from fores?t to treel?ess tundr?a on amoun?tain slope ? is often? a drama?tic one. Withi?n a verti?cal dista?nce of just afew tens of meter?s, trees? disap?pear as a lifeform and are repla?ced by lowsh?rubs, herbs?, and grass?es. This rapid? zone of trans?ition? is calle?d the upper?timbe?rline? or tree line. In many semia?rid areas? there? is also a lower?timbe?rline? where? the fores?t passe?s into stepp?e or deser?t at its lower? edge,usual?ly becau?se of a lack of moist?ure. 3. Which? of the follo?win