【正文】 s Christian Association (YMCA), which later became Springfield College. Naismith (18611939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the handeye coordination required in handling a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. His students were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1892. Naismith39。s ball is in (7274 cm) in circumference. The covering of the ball is leather, rubber, position, or synthetic, although leather covers only are dictated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. Orange is the regulation color. At all levels of play, the home team provides the ball. Inflation of the ball is based on the height of the ball39。s National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. The ball is spherical in shape and is inflated. Basketballs range in size from in (7276 cm) in circumference, and in weight from 1822 oz (510624 g). For players below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in men39。t e naturally or easily to them, and so they are trying to follow a predetermined set of rules. Some individuals with autism have normal intelligence, and many have special talents in areas such as music or memory. However, individuals with autism may have other mental or emotional problems that coexist with their autism. Some of these other disorders may include impulse control disorders, obsessivepulsive disorder , mood and anxiety disorders, and mental retardation . PSYCHOLOGICAL AND FAMILY FACTORS. Although Henry Maudsley, in the late 1800s, was the first psychiatrist to focus on very young children with mental disorders, it was the psychiatrist Leo Kanner who coined the phrase early infantile autism in 1943. Kanner believed that the parents of children with autistic behaviors were emotionally cold and intellectually distant. He coined the term refrigerator parents to describe them. His belief that parental personality and behavior played a powerful role in the development of autistic behaviors left a devastating legacy of guilt and selfblame among parents of autistic children that continues to this day. Recent studies are unequivocal, however, in demonstrating that parents of autistic children are no different from parents of healthy children in their personalities or parenting behaviors. In fact, many families with an autistic child also have one or more perfectly healthy children. Because autistic children can be extremely sensitive to change, any change within the family situation can be potentially traumatic to the autistic child. A move, divorce, birth of a sibling or other stressors that occur in the lives of most families may evoke a more extreme reaction from an autistic child. While there is no single neurological abnormality found in children with autistic disorders, some research using noninvasive brain imaging 第 25 頁 techniques such as magic resonance imaging (MRI) suggests that certain areas of the brain may be involved. Several of the brain areas being researched are known to control emotion and the expression of emotion. These areas include the temporal lobe (large lobe of each side of the brain that contains a sensory area associated with hearing), the limbic system, the cerebellum, the frontal lobe, the amygdala, and the brain stem, which regulates homeostasis (body temperature and heart rate). Recent research has focused particularly on the temporal lobe because of the finding that previously healthy people who sustain temporal lobe damage may develop autisticlike symptoms. In animal research, when the temporal lobe is damaged, social behavior declines, and restless, repetitive motor behaviors are mon. When measured by MRI, total brain volume appears to be greater for those with autistic disorders. Other neurological factors include lesions to the brain, congenital rubella, undiagnosed and untreated phenylketonuria (PKU), tuberous sclerosis, and Rett39。 隨著現(xiàn)代人們安全意識的增強(qiáng)以及科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，相信報(bào)警器必將在更廣闊的領(lǐng)域得到更深層次的應(yīng) 用。平時傳感器輸出低電平，當(dāng)有人在探測區(qū)范圍內(nèi)移動時輸出低電平變?yōu)楦唠娖?，此高電平輸入單片機(jī)，作為單片機(jī)的外部觸發(fā)信號處理，經(jīng)單片機(jī)內(nèi)部軟件編程處理后，單片機(jī)輸出控制信號，驅(qū)動聲光報(bào)警電路開始報(bào)警。 5. 設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié) 本設(shè)計(jì)研究了一種基于單片機(jī)技術(shù)的無線智能防盜報(bào)警器。 第 19 頁 本設(shè)計(jì)所要求達(dá)到的目標(biāo)是在接收到紅外傳感器帶來的低電平信號，可使圖中的綠燈由暗變亮，紅燈產(chǎn)生報(bào)警，可觀察到紅燈一閃一閃的。開放外部中斷 0 LCALL LP 。無中斷輸入 ,中斷返回 LN1: SETB CLR CLR 。監(jiān)測是否有中斷輸入 LN: LCALL DELAY 。循環(huán) ,繼續(xù)工作 2. 外部中斷 INTO 服務(wù)程序： PINT0: CLR EX0 。10s 到關(guān)閉報(bào)警 CLR CLR 。查詢記數(shù)溢出 SJMP L2 L1:MOV TL0 0B0H MOV TH0 3CH DJNZ 51H,L2 。置 50ms 定時初值 MOV TH0,3CH SETB TR0 。10S 循環(huán)次數(shù) MOV TMOD,01H 。開始報(bào)警使運(yùn)行正常綠指示燈熄滅，紅燈和聲報(bào)警啟動 CPL CPL 。延時消抖 JNB ,ALARM 。P2 口清零 CLR LP: JNB ,LA 。指針入口地址 SETB CLR MOV P1,0FFH 。CPU 開放中斷， INT0 允許中斷 SETB IT0 。同時，利用中斷方式可以實(shí)現(xiàn)報(bào)警持續(xù)時間未到 10 秒時，用手工按鍵停止的聲光報(bào)警的作用。 電路設(shè)有 2 個按鍵， S1 鍵作為倒計(jì)時的暫停鍵 , S2 鍵作為作為 電路 復(fù)位鍵。 第 15 頁 LSSpeakerQ18050R64K7VCC單片機(jī)TXD 圖 10 聲音報(bào)警電路 圖 系統(tǒng)硬件電路的選擇及說明 硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)見附圖示， 從以上的分析可知在本設(shè)計(jì)中要用到如下器件： AT89C5熱釋