【正文】 an. Lou held a joint interview with 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media Along the Silk Road. The interviews will be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as well as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in Xi39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2021. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Tota l revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters will travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, which will strengthen China39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。 5． 正常使用極限狀態(tài)驗算的目的是什么 ? 驗算時荷載組合如何選擇 ? 答：正常使用極限狀態(tài)驗算的目的是為了保證結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件在正常使用條件下，抗裂度、裂縫寬度和變形滿足規(guī)范的相應(yīng)要求，即滿足結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件的適用、美觀和耐久性的要求。 3） 裂縫控制驗算：底板也應(yīng)進(jìn)行抗裂及裂縫寬度驗算，荷載組合同側(cè)墻。 3）裂縫控制驗算：側(cè)墻除按承載力計算外，尚應(yīng)進(jìn)行抗裂或裂縫寬度驗算，側(cè)墻臨水面需滿足抗裂要求。 （ 2）側(cè)墻計算 1）內(nèi)力計算： ?????? ???? 21302 )(2161 aqgHM kQkGQ ?????? 2）配筋計算：根據(jù)最大彎矩設(shè)計值，側(cè)墻底 部可按矩形截面受彎構(gòu)件進(jìn)行配筋計算。 4． 鋼筋混凝土矩形截面不帶橫桿梁式渡槽 槽身橫向計算如何進(jìn)行？ 答： 槽身橫向計算時，可沿縱向取單位長度 1m 槽身為脫離體進(jìn)行計算，計算內(nèi)容如下： （ 1）人行道板計算 1）內(nèi)力計算：人行道板為一支承在側(cè)墻上的懸壁板，懸臂長度為 a1，承受均布荷載 p1（包括板自重 gk和人群荷載 qk，欄桿重可折算在均布自重荷載內(nèi)）。 3．普通預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土構(gòu)件的基本工作原理是什么？ 答：預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)是指在外荷載作用之前，先對混凝土施加壓力，造成人為的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)，它所產(chǎn)生的預(yù)壓應(yīng)力能抵消外荷載所引起的部分或全部拉應(yīng)力。 （ ） 四、簡述題 （每題 8分，共 40 分） 1．水工鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中，引起裂縫的非荷載因素主要有哪些？ 答：（ 1）溫度變化引起的裂縫； （ 2）混凝土收縮引起的裂縫； （ 3）基礎(chǔ)不均勻沉降引起的裂縫； （ 4）混凝土塑性塌落引起的裂縫。 （ ） 9．其它條件相同時，隨著鋼筋保護(hù)層厚度增大，裂縫寬度將增大。 （ ） 7．沿梁跨度方向，截面抗彎剛度是變化的，所以，驗算變形時所采用的截面抗彎剛度是指平均的截面抗彎剛度。 （ √ ） 5．提高混凝土強(qiáng)度等級是減小鋼筋混凝土構(gòu)件裂縫寬度的有效措施。 （ √ ） 3．先張法預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土一般要求混凝土強(qiáng)度達(dá)到 75%以上時才放松預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋。 三、判斷題 （每題 2分，共 20 分） （正確畫√，錯誤打） 1．在受彎構(gòu)件中，當(dāng)其它條件相同時，采用直徑較小的鋼筋可以減小裂縫寬度。 7．受彎構(gòu)件減小裂縫寬度最有效的措施之一是