【正文】 15 四、擬采用的研究方法和主要措施： 通 過仔細(xì)查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，研究莫里森，了解她所處的當(dāng)時(shí)的美國(guó)政治、文化環(huán)境，通過對(duì)比研究莫里森和之前其他的黑人文學(xué)代表作品，從而跟隨作者以更具時(shí)代性的現(xiàn)代人文視角關(guān)懷小說主人公及小說主題，探究小說主人公佩科拉生存困境下的選擇的成因及以之為代表的黑人的生存之道。但對(duì) 《一雙最藍(lán)的眼 睛》的研究集中于主題分析、創(chuàng)作手法和 人物分析 ， 對(duì)佩科拉的悲劇成因雖有涉及，但還沒有找到更為合理的、全面的解構(gòu)導(dǎo)致佩科拉人生悲劇的具體、系統(tǒng)的分析成因及與之相關(guān)的生存之道的探尋，對(duì)此有待進(jìn)一步研究。我國(guó)學(xué)者對(duì)莫里森思想和創(chuàng)作的總體研究主要集中在其人其作、創(chuàng)作特色、母愛主題，還有從心理角度、性別種族文化角度的研究。探究故事主人公佩科拉的 生存困境 能引我們?nèi)ニ伎己谌思芭缘纳鎲栴}和迷津?！兑浑p最藍(lán)的眼睛》作為莫里森的處女作，奠定了她的“當(dāng)代美國(guó)黑人社會(huì)文學(xué)觀察家”的地位。她的寫作題材廣泛，文筆清新洗練，敘事技巧高超且富于變化，巧妙地將現(xiàn)實(shí)主義與寓言、神話、傳說結(jié)合形成一種極富特色的現(xiàn)實(shí)模式。 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 王良生 20xx 年 11 月 10 日 14 附件 4 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）開題報(bào)告 論文題目 無辜的“絕處逢生” —— 《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》 中佩科拉的生存困境 學(xué)生姓名 李海旭 系別 外語系 專業(yè) 英語 班級(jí) 本 0901 指導(dǎo)教師姓名 王良生 職稱 講師 所屬 單位 忻州師范 學(xué)院 開題 時(shí)間 一、 選題的目的和意 義： 托妮 推 薦 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) [1] Chang Yaoxin. A Survey of American Literature [M]. Nankai University Press, 20xx. [2] Emory Elliott. The Columbia History of the American Novel [M]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 20xx, (1). [3] 劉海平、王守仁主 編，王守仁主撰 .新編美國(guó)文學(xué)史 第四卷 [M].上海外語教育出版社， 20xx. 注：此表由指導(dǎo)教師填好后交學(xué)生參考使用。 總 體 安 排 與 進(jìn) 度 總體安排： 20xx 年 11 中旬完成選題（開題）工作， 20xx 年 6 月前完成論文撰寫， 6 月中旬進(jìn)行論文答辯。莫里森的小說創(chuàng)作的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是不再直接去寫種族沖突，而是把白人和黑人的關(guān)系作為一種大背景去展現(xiàn)美國(guó)黑人內(nèi)部種種錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的 關(guān)系，引領(lǐng)讀者去思考生存哲學(xué)。 [20] (Retrieved on November 2, 20xx) [21] on November 5, 20xx) [22] on November 15, 20xx) 12 Acknowledgments This paper could not be acplished successfully without the help of my beloved teachers and classmates. So I wish to express my honest gratitude and respect to them. First, I would like to give my sincere thanks to my supervisor, Mr. Wang, who helped me choose the topic, who revised my draft patiently, and who instructed many details carefully. With his enthusiastic help and valuable ments, this paper could be acplished at the right time with its present form. And I also want to give my gratefulness to all the teachers and partners in our department, who have helped me too much during the past years39。 莫里森 《最藍(lán)的眼睛》 [A]。 作家與作品》 [M]，上海：復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社。 [17] 羅小云， 20xx，《超越后現(xiàn)代 —— 美國(guó)新現(xiàn) 實(shí)主義小說研究》 [M]，北京：北京大學(xué)出版社。莫里森著 ， 20xx，《新名著主義叢書 —— 最藍(lán)的眼睛》 [M]，海南：南海出版社。 [14] 賀淑娟 ,20xx,二十年來國(guó)內(nèi)莫里森研究綜述 [J],《安徽文學(xué)》，(10） :217220。 Long, Wenpei. 1996. Selected Readings in American Literature (book 3) [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House. [13] 高繼海 ,20xx，佩科拉悲劇探源 —— 評(píng)托尼 Publishing Crop. [9] Tao, Jie. 20xx. Selected Readings in American Literature [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press. [10] W. Bell, Bernard. 20xx. The Contemporary African American Novel: Its Folk Roots and Modern Literary Branches [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press amp。 Winston. [8] Shi, Lin translated， Ward, Selena guided reading. 20xx. The Bluest Eye [M]. Tianjin: Tianjin Science amp。 and when Pauline, Pecola?s mother, knows Pecola is born ugly and neglects her, Pecola further decides herself can not get others? recognition. Where her value lies? Pecola puzzles. What she knows is she can not get deserved love and affection. But how can she achieve these? Pecola only prays for the bluest eyes to change her life and situation. This wish is borrowing from the white values. “The bluest eye” bees a symbol of being admitted and being accepted by society for Pecola rather than a physical body part. Pecola displaces herself and gets lost deadly. Passive Enduring the Misery Pecola is just an 11yearold black girl, and thus her age and her experiences make herself limited. Then, faced so seriously ill treats, this weak girl is unclear how to deal with these properly, and nobody offers her powerful help despite of Claudia and Frieda?s trying, for they are also too young to live their life by themselves. They 8 just help Pecola by praying and by giving a sacrifice innocently: they gave up their seed money and buried the money by Pecola?s house and planted the rest of the marigold seeds in their own yard so that they could tend them and could sing and say the magic words. They hoped to make a miracle. But their trying is fruitless. Their marigold seeds did not sprout and none of the marigolds in the munity did. The two sisters blamed each other for this failure. So Pecola has to endure the pain alone and often imagines innocently life is transformed owing to her bluest eyes. Of course, Pecola thinks of aski ng help, but where can she ask? They are all cold. Even Maureen, a lightskinned girl, who temporarily befriends her, makes fun of her. Pecola goes to Soaphead Church, a sham mystic, and asks for blue eyes. Instead of helping her, he uses her to kill a dog he dislikes, which frightens and stimulates Pecola. Her way to getting help is cut off. Pecola?s wish dies passively. She still has to suffer the terrible life without dreamed blue eyes. Desire for Love and Misunderstanding about Love What is love？ Pecola does not know. Nobody gives her. Nobody tells her. Pecola is eager for love and affection but has to find it alone. In the whole munity, only Claudia and Frieda try to help her, but they are too young and their help is powerless. “It is painfully difficult for little black girls to grow into healthy womanhood with positive selfimage when ?all the world had agreed that a blueeyed, yellowhaired, pinkskinned doll was what every girl child treasures?” (W. Bell 20xx: 179). Pauline as a mother, should gives her explanation to deal with menstruate and tips about this growing period, but she did not. So after Pecola visiting her neighbors, three whores, she dangerously feels romantic love may make her get simple love. Unfortunately, her ignorance and confusion lead Pecola being deserted after her father raping her twice. This kind of misunderstanding hurts her physically and psychologically. Pecola gets insanity. I