【正文】 Ai ) EN 13374:2020 (E) 16 ,``,``,`,`,`,` where Fw is the resulting wind force cf,i is the aerodynamic force coefficien。 ? ?M = 1,0 for all materials. Static loads Horizontal load FH (acting perpendicular to the edge protection system) General Each edge protection and each of its ponents, except toeboards, shall be designed to withstand a load FH1 = 0,3 kN applied perpendicular to the axis of the post, see Figure 6. Nets The fixing of each shall satisfy the load requirements for each class. Toeboards Each toeboards shall be designed to withstand a load FH2 = 0,2 kN at the most onerous position. Area of application. The loads referred to above are essentially point loads but they shall be assumed to be distributed upon a maximum area of 100 mm 100 mm. For a or a fencing structure, this load shall be assumed to be uni formly distributed upon a maximum area of 300 mm 300 mm. `,``,``,`,`,`,` EN 13374:2020 (E) 15 `,``,``,`,`,`,` Key FD = 1,25 kN FT1 = 0,3 kN (maximum deflection 55 mm) FT2 = 0,2 kN (maximum deflection 55 mm) FH1 = 0,3 kN FH2 = 0,3 kN FT1 Force applied to meet deflection requirement (applied to guardrails and posts perpendicular to the plane of the system) FT2 Force applied to meet deflection requirement (applied to the toeboard) FH1 Force applied to meet strength requirement (applied anywhere perpendicular to the plane of the system except toeboards) FH2 Force applied to meet strength requirement (applied to the toeboard) FD Accidental loading Figure 6 — Loads perpendicular, horizontal and vertical, to the system Loads parallel to the guardrail Each edge protection and each of its ponents shall severally be capable of withstanding a horizontal force of 0,2 kNat the most onerous point, see Figure 7. Figure 7 — Loads parallel to the guardrail Wind forces General The edge protection system shall withstand the force from wind load. Evaluating wind forces Wind forces, Fw, shall be calculated by assuming a wind velocity pressure to be applied on an effective area of the edge protection system, which is in general the projected area in the wind direction, not taking shielding into account. It shall be determined as follows: Fw = ? ( cf,i ? ?M = 1,3 for timber. `,``,``,`,`,`,` EN 13374:2020 (E) 14 Serviceability limit state For serviceability limit state, partial safety factors shall be: ? ?F = 1,0 for all loads。 ? ?M = 1,1 for ductile metallic materials ( some ductility limits are given in EN 128112)。 ? E0,05 for ultimate limit state. Partial safety factors Ultimate limit state For the ultimate limit state, partial safety factors shall be: ? ?F = 0,9 for favourable loads, for example counterweight when calculating the stability of counterweighted protection。 and c) The residual deflection, ?3, shall not exceed 10 % of the deflection at maximum load, ?max. Note: ?, ?3, ?max and RU are defined in and . Class B edge protection shall provide resistance to the dynamic loads specified in . Edge protection system class C The inclination of the side protection shall be between the vertical, line AC of Figure 5, and perpendicular to the surface, represented by the line in class C edge protection shall be dimensioned so that a sphere with a diameter of 100 mm will not pass through them. Class C edge protection shall provide resistance to the dynamic loads specified in . Key AC vertical line BC line perpendicular to working surface ?? angle of inclination of the working surface φ angle between the line AC and the edge protection (maximum for class B is 15o) Figure 5 — The inclination of the edge protection systems classes B and C EN 13374:2020 (E) 12 Material General Materials shall fulfil the requirements given in European Standards, where design data are provided. For other materials, shall be in accordance with appropriate European Standards. If European Standards do not exist, ISO Standards may be applied. Materials shall be sufficiently robust and durable to withstand normal working conditions. Materials shall be free from any impurities and defects, which may affect their satisfactory use. Information about the most monly used materials is given in EN 128112. Material requirements for s are given in EN 12631. Steel Steels of deoxidation type FU (rimming steels) shall not be used. Information on mon types of corrosion protection is given in EN 128112. Where it is intended to use couplers in accordance with prEN 741, the tubes of the protection shall have a minimum nominal yield stress of 235 N/mm2 and a minimum nominal wall thickness of 3,2 mm. Aluminium Where couplers plying with prEN 741 are used to connect loose tubes, the tubes must have a minimum nominal 0,2 % proof stress of 195 N/mm2 and a minimum nominal wall thickness of 4,0 mm. Timber Timber shall be stress graded in accordance with EN 338. If a protective coating is used, it shall not prevent the discovery of defects in the material. Plywood shall have at least 5 plies and shall have a minimum thickness of 9 mm. In addition, it shall have good durability with regard to climatic conditions – see for service class requirements. Material for counterweights The materials employed shall be solid. Granulated or fluid materials such as sand or water shall not be used. Each counterweight shall be capable o