【正文】 s Latin grammarians[J]．Computers and the Humanities，1990， (5)[6] 藍厚榮．單片機驅(qū)動LED數(shù)碼管的方法[J]．電氣時代. 2008(04)[7] 周小燕．基于AT89S52單片機的信號產(chǎn)生電路的設(shè)計[J]．科技風(fēng)．2010(21)[8] Wang Y，Attebury G，Ramamurthy B．A survey of security issues in wireless sensor networks[J]．2006[10] 張遠山．PIC系列單片機與LCD接口實用技巧(二)[N]．電子報．20110911[11] 李紅艷．TFTLCD電源管理集成電路的研究設(shè)計[D]．西安電子科技大學(xué) 2007[12] 王婷．基于嵌入式的LED顯示系統(tǒng)的研究與設(shè)計[D]．西安科技大學(xué) 2008[13] W．Metzger．Photonic integrated transceiver for the access network[J]．Optical and Quantum Electronics,1996,28[14] 許建勛．WLAN測試系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)[D]．西安電子科技大學(xué) 2011[15] Ahmed N，Kanhere S S, Jha S．The holes problem in wireless sensor networks：a survey[J]．ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review，2005[16] 陳欣琳，王海峰，金亮．PC機和MCS51單片機間的串行通信[J]．中國科技信息．2009(13)[17] 王夢．單片機與PC機的串行通信[J]．科技資訊. 2007(06)[18] Inter． of single chip microputers user‘s manual[J]．1981[19] 陳京培．AT89S52單片機實驗系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用[D]．江南大學(xué) 2007[20] 張普光．基于單片機的溫度控制器設(shè)計與研究[D]．西安電子科技大學(xué) 2008[21] Comparison of echoenhanced ultrasound with fluoroscopic MCU for the detection of vesicoureteral reflux in neonates[J]．200212 Springer[22] 諸昌鈐編著．LED顯示屏系統(tǒng)原理及工程技術(shù)[M]．電子科技大學(xué)出版社, 2000[23] 任元會．LED在室內(nèi)照明的應(yīng)用和前景[J]．中國科技財富. 2010(07)[24] 廖志凌，阮新波．半導(dǎo)體照明工程的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢[J]．電工技術(shù)學(xué)報. 2006(09)[25] Barbara Hogenboom．Depoliticized and Repoliticized Minerals in Latin America[J]．Journal of Developing Societies，2012，28(2)附 錄一、英語原文Sensors Dynamic Energy Management in WSNAbstract：A wireless sensor node is typically battery operated and energy constrained. Therefore, it is apparent thatoptimal energy management is one of the most important challenges in WSN development. However, energymanagement requires indepth knowledge and detailed insight concerning specific scenarios. After Carryingout a large number of experiments in precision agriculture, we find that it is the sensors that have never beenconcerned consuming the most energy of the node. In order to conserve energy and prolong the lifetime ofWSN, we design and carry out a dynamic energy management strategy for sensors. The basic idea is to shutdown all sensors’ power when not needed and wake them up when necessary. Valuable conclusions areextracted and analyzed.Keywords: WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), Precision Agriculture, Dynamic Energy Management, TinyOS1. Introduction A large number of intelligent microsensor nodes withsensing, processing and wireless municating capabilities form wireless sensor network (WSN), which pletes plicated tasks in some specific field, such as precision agriculture. Compared with old methods, WSN has significantly drawn extensive attention. It does not rely on fixed infrastructure and has many characteristics such as fast setup, strong survivability and so on [1]. It has been considered as a good scheme to conduct precision agriculture data collection and processing. In 2002,Intel has a project looking at how WSN can be used toimprove grape production. They worked with agricultural scientists on a longterm deployment of WSN in awine grape vineyard. By densely monitoring and analyzing they found the relationship between grape qualityand climatic conditions. It has been proved that WSNcould play a role in precision agriculture. Just the same as other applications, energy constraint of sensor nodes is the major problem for precision agriculture. Data aggregation [2] and low power listening [3]algorithms are effective method to reduce energy consumption in normal wireless sensor networks. However,after a sufficient number of experiments we found thatenergy consumption in precision agriculture has somespecial issues. Generally speaking, in order to monitorthe growth conditions of crops, one node has to connectwith many sensors, such as Co2 sensor, air temperature sensor, air humidity sensor, light sensor, soil temperature/moisture sensor and so on. Although the sensorsconsume a large portion of the energy, we never pay any attention to this issue in our previous research. It is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of design and carry out a sensor dynamic energy management (SDEM) to reduce energy consumption of sensors and extend network lifetime. The basic idea is to shut down sensors when not needed and wake them up when necessary [4,5]. The experimental results indicate that SDEM is an effective technique in reducing node energy consumption without significantly degrading performance. The remainder of this paper is organized as 2 gives the energy consumption of all parts of the sensors in precision agriculture. And we get a conclusion that the sensors consume most of the energy. The architecture of the SDEM is described in Section 3, and 。希望你們一切順利。當(dāng)然在本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計中還有許多幫助過我的同學(xué)和研究生師兄，每當(dāng)遇到我要自己不能解決的問題的時候，他們總能細心地指導(dǎo)我、幫助我，哪怕告訴我應(yīng)該去什么地方找資料。在這里首先要感謝父母對我的養(yǎng)育之恩，以及給位專業(yè)老師對我的教誨，感謝他們傳授我各種專業(yè)知識。將近四年的大學(xué)生活即將結(jié)束。所以我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計能夠順利完成少不了王大軍老師的指導(dǎo)，在此向王大軍師致以崇高的敬意和真摯的感謝。剛拿到畢業(yè)設(shè)計題目正感到迷茫時王大軍老師就抽時間給我們細心講解每個人該怎么做，需要做什么。所以還有很多需要提高的地方。在調(diào)試的時候遇到很多的問題，經(jīng)過向老師和同學(xué)請教最后還是解決了。我的題目是基于單片機控制的無線電子廣告牌，設(shè)計實現(xiàn)了PC機通過無線的方式發(fā)送信息，單片機控制LED 點陣顯示接收到信息，將LED 點陣擴大以及程序稍微改動過后就可以用于一般的商場打廣告或者某些場所作為指示路標(biāo)。在這個學(xué)期中我學(xué)到了不少知識，不管是硬件上的還是軟件商的都受益匪淺。第四節(jié) 本章小結(jié)經(jīng)過調(diào)試與修改，整個系統(tǒng)基本可以完成預(yù)期的功能，在調(diào)試中遇到的各種問題有的自己不能解決就請教了同學(xué)和老師，在他們的細心幫助下總算是解決了，同時也豐富了我自己的知識。 上位機程序發(fā)送窗口 LED點陣顯示屏顯示效果為了測試系統(tǒng)運行的穩(wěn)定性，對其進行了持續(xù)測試，讓LED顯示屏長時間保持顯示信息狀態(tài)，系統(tǒng)除發(fā)熱外無其他異常情況。 實物電路連接圖在系統(tǒng)電路連接完成后，給最小系統(tǒng)和PC機接上無線模塊，在上位機發(fā)送程序的輸入窗口里輸入需要發(fā)送的文字信息（），點下確認(rèn)鍵，便會發(fā)現(xiàn)LED點陣顯示屏上出現(xiàn)相同的文字信息（）。然后給電源供電，指示燈亮了表示通電成果（）。第三節(jié) 系統(tǒng)測試在硬件和軟件都調(diào)試好了之后，便到了完成作品的最后一步對系統(tǒng)的整體性能進行測試。LED 點陣也能夠顯示出正確的信息。首先調(diào)試顯示程序，主要調(diào)試的是延時函數(shù)，主要改變顯示信息的持續(xù)時間，主要改延時函數(shù)的參數(shù)。從而試驗程序整體運行的完整性、正確性和與硬件電路的配合情況。其它程序功能塊可按此法進行調(diào)試。程序的分塊調(diào)試一般在單片機開發(fā)裝置上進行，可根據(jù)所調(diào)程序功能塊的入口參量初值編制一個特殊的程序段，并連同被調(diào)程序功能塊一起在開發(fā)裝置上運行；也可配合對應(yīng)硬件電路單獨運行某程序功能塊，然后檢查是否正確，如果執(zhí)行結(jié)果與預(yù)想的不一致，可以通過單步運行或設(shè)置斷點的方法，查出原因并加以改正，直到運行結(jié)果正確為止。將電路改了之后，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)通訊。然后對P2口進行調(diào)試，調(diào)試無線模塊。首先對P0口進行調(diào)試，利用簡單的顯示程序測試是否能夠點亮LED 點陣。都及時檢查糾正了。在硬件調(diào)試的過程中主要出現(xiàn)的問題：在電路板制作初期，主要出現(xiàn)電源電路焊接時將插槽的正負極接反了，幸好檢查及時發(fā)現(xiàn)，將其重新焊接上去。例如檢查原理圖連接是否正確，檢查原理圖與PCB圖是否一致,檢查原理圖與器件的DATASHEET上引腳是否一致，還可以用萬用表檢查是否有虛焊，引腳短路等現(xiàn)象。但是因為對于硬件的電路設(shè)計主要