【正文】 Ruff, 2020). Development has progressed over the last 2 years, resulting in a mineready system that was demonstrated at the Phelps Dodge Morenci, copper mining operation in April of 2020. 3. Prototype system . System description 42 A prototype system was constructed to demonstrate that the idea of GPSbased proximity warning was feasible. Readily available ponents were used to keep costs at a minimum. Each system consisted of a laptop puter to:(a) collect, process, and transmit data, (b) run the PWS software, and (c) provide a display for the vehicle PCMCIA wireless work card (IEEE ) was used to municate between laptops. An offtheshelf, 12channel, differential GPS receiver and antenna were used to determine location. A Coast Guard beacon was used to provide differential correction. Two plete systems were mounted in two different passenger cars for dynamic tests. . Test description and results As described in Holden and Ruff (2020), the prototype system went through a series of operational and performance tests using two vehicles—a local vehicle and a remote roving vehicle. The goal of the operational tests was to verify the operation of the various pieces as pared to the defined specifications of the system. These specifications included the ability to set up, control, and monitor the GPS receiver properly, and the ability to send and receive information over a wireless local area work (LAN) connection One key factor was to determine the reliable transmiss。 Mine Safety and Health Administration [MSHA],2020). These accidents are caused by the operator’s limited visibility from the cab of the equipment. In mining operations,these accidents most often involve large, offhighway dump trucks. The areas that an equipment operator cannot see while seated in the cab of these trucks can be extensive,depending on the size and type of equipment. Fig. 1 shows the blind areas around a 50toncapacity dump truck mon in construction and sand and gravel operations. The gray shaded area outside of the truck outline shows those areas where the truck operator cannot see a person. Larger trucks—up to 360ton capacity—are mon in mining, and the blind areas for these trucks can extend 12 m in front of the areas to the rear and right side can be even larger. Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are investigating methods to reduce accidents attributed to the lack of visibility around mining equipment. Many technologies exist that can provide an operator with information on unseen objects or workers near the equipment, including video cameras,sensors, and mirrors. Many of these technologies have been popular in other industries, such as ultrasonic sensors in the automotive industry and video cameras on recreational vehicles, but very few have been successfully applied to mining equipment. Other technologies are being developed to address this problem and include electromagic signal detection and radar (Ruff, 2020). All of these technologies show promise for use on mining equipment。 Blind spots Each year, there are an average of 20 accidents and three fatalities involving collisions between a piece of surface mining haulage equipment and either a smaller vehicle or a worker on foot or some other object. Another 21 accidents occur and three mining equipment operators are killed each year when their equipment backs over the edge of an embankment,stockpile, or dump point (Fesak, Breland, amp。 Haulage equipment。 Collision。中冊 》 北京：冶金工業(yè)出版社 . 【 6】《采礦手冊》編輯委員會編 . 《采礦手冊》第 3 卷 . 北京：冶金工業(yè)出版社， 2020 【 7】王青，任鳳玉主編，《采礦學(xué)》第二版，冶金工業(yè)出版社 【 8】昆明理工大學(xué)編 .《鑿巖爆破工程》試用版 . 【 9】余文章，戴曉江《基于 3DMine 軟件系統(tǒng)的露天礦境界優(yōu)化研究及應(yīng)用》 ，《礦冶》 2020 年 12 月第 4 期 【 10】趙文主編 .《巖石力學(xué)》 .長沙：中南大學(xué)出版社， 【 11】 《 采礦設(shè)計手冊 4,礦山機械卷 》 [專著 ] / 張富民等編 ； 北京 ； 中國建筑工業(yè)出版社 , 【 12】《 金屬非金屬礦山安全 》 編委會編 ， 湖北科學(xué)技術(shù) 出版社 【 13】《 金屬礦床露天與地下開采 》 王家臣 .徐州 ； 中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社 ； 【 14】《 金屬礦床露天開采 》 陳曉青 主編 ；北京； 冶金工業(yè)出版社 ； 【 15】《 露天礦爆破工 》 周學(xué)聯(lián) .北京； 冶金工業(yè)出版社 ； 1977 【 16】《 特種爆破 》 廟延剛、張智宇、欒龍發(fā)、楊溢主編 冶金工業(yè)出版社 【 17】《 露天深孔爆破 》 秦明武 .西安； 陜西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社 ； 1995 37 附錄一：附圖清單 附圖 1： 1 期境界圖 附圖 2：終了境 界圖 附圖 3：終了境界剖面圖 附圖 4：總圖 附圖 5：東環(huán)公路設(shè)計圖 附圖 6：排土場 布置 圖 38 附錄二： 外文參考文獻(xiàn)原文 Preventing collisions involving surface mining equipment:a GPSbased approach Todd M. Ruff a,*, Thomas P. Holdenb a Spokane Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 315 East Montgometry Avenue, Spokane, WA 99207, USA bTrimble, Sunnyvale, 645 N. Mary Ave. 94088, CA, USA Received 28 June 2020。 非常感謝昆陽磷礦的各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和員工，特別是生產(chǎn)科的張科長以及其他相關(guān)的工作人員，在昆陽磷礦實習(xí)期間的熱情款待并提供畢業(yè)設(shè)計所需的相關(guān)資料。 他嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度和科學(xué)求實的精神感染我、啟迪我，使我在完成學(xué)業(yè)的同時，也學(xué)會了做人和做事的基本原則，在此，謹(jǐn)向尊敬的戴老師表示衷心的感謝和誠摯的敬意 。 35 謝辭 此次設(shè) 計的完成，離不開戴曉江 老師 的精心指導(dǎo)，他淵博的知識和豐富的實踐經(jīng)驗使我的設(shè)計能夠順利的完成，他的諄諄教導(dǎo)使我養(yǎng)成了良好的思維習(xí)慣，在此我要向他表示最衷心的感謝。 4） 團(tuán)結(jié)互助、善于溝通：本次設(shè)計是一個小組的任務(wù)，雖然各有各的專題，但相互之間又互相地牽涉，只有團(tuán)結(jié)互助、溝通，才能很快很好地完成工作，達(dá)到事半功倍。 3） 本次的設(shè)計讓我更加地了解了采礦領(lǐng)域，它是國民經(jīng)濟的一個獨立的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)，礦產(chǎn)資源已成為影響社會繁榮、國家富強的決定性因素之一，礦產(chǎn)資源的豐富程度，基本上反映著一個國家發(fā)展 的潛在實力。 34 總結(jié)與體會 本人通過一個學(xué)期的畢業(yè)實習(xí)和畢業(yè)設(shè)計，讓我受 益頗深，主要有以下幾點： 1） 扎實的專業(yè)知識是提高工作效率的基礎(chǔ)：在本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計過程，讓我充分認(rèn)識到了自己知識的缺乏，遇到的很多問題都是由于專業(yè)知識不夠扎實，降低了工作的效率。 本次設(shè)計主要掌握了露天采礦的一個基本流程，很多的細(xì)枝末節(jié)需要我們進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)。 33 （ 5）完成了采場的防排 水設(shè)計，對標(biāo)高 210 以上的設(shè)計截水溝往外自流排水，對 5m~75m的采場采用機械排水。 由于地形較陡，公路修筑困難，采場外部線路由東、西幫接入，采場外部線路每隔 3 個臺階（ 30m）高差接通采場，外部線路未接通的臺階由采場內(nèi)部線路接通。 南幫最終邊坡角 27176。 本設(shè)計主要 研究成果和結(jié)論如下： （ 1）本次設(shè)計圈出了保有礦量 10033704t，設(shè)計開采礦量 ，剝離量為 53114975t， 鐵 平均品位 %， 銅 平均品位 %，平均剝采比為 。班 ) 2臺 小松 32t自卸汽車 噸 /臺班 18輛 小松 PC700LC8 液壓挖掘機 m3 / (臺班 ) 4臺 TY100推土機 m3/臺 .班 544 9臺 ZL50B輪胎式裝載機 m3/h 105 1臺 材料消耗 表 113 鉆機主要材料消耗表 序號 材料名稱 消耗指標(biāo) 單位 班耗 日耗 年耗 一 KQ200 型潛孔鉆機 2 臺 1 φ 200mm 潛孔鉆頭 個 /臺班 個 168 2 φ 150mm 鉆桿 根 /臺班 根 3 沖擊套 個 /臺班 個 4 硬質(zhì)合金 5 機油 6 空壓機油