【正文】 and how soci al conc er n i s involved in a specif ic f orm of human imagi nat ion. In addit ion, st udent s should el evate to t he level of cult ivati ng a c uri osit y f or the unknown, thi nki ng cogentl y and logi cal ly, expressing t hemselves clearl y and concisely, and observing t he wor ld ar ound t hem cri ti cal ly a。 項目輻射范圍及帶動能力 I nt r oduct i on I. Why do we have such course? Engl ish l it er atur e is one of the pulsory and m ost i mpor t ant cour ses. However , the Engli sh li terat ur e cour ses of fer ed ar e mer el y t aught at t he level of l ear ning gener al i nfor mati on and developing l it eral underst anding. Admi t edl y, such cour ses help t hem/you a l ot i n t hei r/ your acqui si ti on of the Engli sh language. But t he functi on of Engl ish li ter at ure r eaches far beyond t hat . In readi ng Engli sh l it eratur e, a student should have t he power t o discer n how human beings t ransl ate t hei r experi ence i nto ar tist ic expressi on and represent at ion。 P,‖ and the m oti vat ion of a char act er in a st or y—one of t he answers t o the question ―why‖—is of fundamental impor tance. I. What is Character? Closely r elated wi th the stor y is t he char act er . Henry James sai d, “What is character but the det erminati on of inci dent ? What i s incident but the i l ust rati on of charact er?‖ (The Art of Fi ct ion‖) When we read a novel , we read about our fel low beings, and t hat i s one of the mot ives in readi ng at al l. The “fel ow bei ngs” i n the novel i s ter med char act ers. By “fel low bei ngs” i s meant not onl y “human beings” but also “other beings, ” such as ani m al s. Geor ge Orwel l uses ani mals to r epr esent hum an bei ngs i n his novel Ani mal Farm. Lewi s Car ol cr eat es many lovely anim al s in hi s Ali ce’s Adventures in Wonderl and that appeal t o both chi ldren and adult s. Or wel does not i nt end to convince the r eader that ani mals can speak human l anguage or that he i s a tr ansl at or bet ween ani mals and humans. No sensi ble r eader, af ter reading Or wel ‘s Ani mal Farm, would go to t he pigsty t o l ook f or a tal ki ng boar . This proves the agreedon f ict ionalit y of char act ers i n novel s. So br oadly, a charact er i s an i nvent ed personal it y t o resembl e but never to equal a real person in l if e. I t is not dif fi cul t to see that char act er s in novels r esembl e peopl e in r eal l if e in many ways. They have names used i n t he same way our s are used, t hey have hatr ed and l ove, and they have desir es and fears. Above al l, they act the way we act or the way we can understand ( li ke or di sl ike) . But we must bear i n mind t hat the character s ar e not real per sons, but mer el y inventi ons, however ingeni ous. Com pare t he physi cal li fe and spirit ual l ife of the characters and ours. We have to answer the nature‘s cal l several ti mes a day, but char act er s sel dom do t his, even i n the m ost reali stic or natur alist ic novel s. We have to l ive our li fe hour by hour and day by day, but char act er s never do t his. They choose t o li ve som e ti me m or e f ul ly than others, and ar e able t o ski p over per iods on ten m ont hs or twenty years wi t hout semi ng weir d, a feat which we can never at tempt. I n our li fe, our m inds ar e a gr ay mat er even to sci ent ists. We can not know what i s goi ng on i n other‘s mi nd. But in novels, the m inds of the charact ers are open or can be made open t o t he reader i f the novel ist so chooses. The reader does not only see t hei r cl othes, but also se t hei r mi nds. One char act er may be enemy to ot her characters, but he i s fr iend t o the r eader , befor e whom he can t hink aloud, to bor row Emerson‘s words. Characters do not l ive, but act. When we wat ch act ors speak al oud to t hemsel ves on t he st age as i f they were al one, we know they are acti ng and t hey are di f erent fr om what they r epr esent in real if e. The character s in novels exist in a si mil ar manner. II. K inds of Charact ers Usual y, a novel has mor e than one char act er. They inter act wi th each other and make up the stor y. But they are not equal ly import ant or have the same f uncti on to the novel ist. By their r oles in t he novel , t he char act er s can be grouped as her oes, main character s and minor char act er s, and f oil s. The charact er on whom a novel is call ed t he hero or heroi ne when i t is a f emale charact er. The word ―hero‖ ori gi naly refers to a man, i n myt hol ogy and legend, oft en of di vine ancestr y, who is endowed wit h great cour age and str engt h, celebr at ed for his hol d expl oits, and favored by t he gods. In the novel, the word “hero” i s freed of such noble requirements and any central characters can be labeled as heroes. Jonathan Wi ld is t he her o in the novel of t he same name by Henr y Fiel di ng, t hough he i s a notor ious highwayman. Some cri ti cs, annoyed by the connotati on of “hero,” prefer the word “protagoni st,” which sounds neutral . The enemy or rival of the prot agonist is cal ed ―ant agoni st.‖ The mai n or maj or charact ers are t hose i n close and dynamic relat ion wit h t he hero or heroine. Cl ose rel ati on does not mean good relati on. Pablo in For Whom t he Bel l Tol ls i s constant ly f inding 小 尾寒羊良種繁育工程建設(shè)項目 可行性研究報告 第一章總論 一、項目提要 項目名稱：內(nèi)蒙古鄂前旗毛蓋圖小尾寒羊良種繁育工程建設(shè) 建設(shè)性質(zhì)：新建 項目建設(shè)單位：鄂托克前旗毛蓋圖蘇木 法人代表：林霞 建設(shè)地點：內(nèi)蒙古鄂前旗毛蓋圖蘇木 項目申報單位：內(nèi)蒙古鄂前旗扶貧開發(fā)辦 法人代表：賀西格道格陶呼 投資規(guī)模及構(gòu)成：總投資 40 萬元，其中購買種畜 38萬元，其它費用 2 萬元。 t heme。 character。 how wr it ers, through t hei r cr eat ive i mpulses, convey t o us their i nsi ghts i nt o human dest iny and human li fe。 style 3. What i s Ficti on? Ficti on, t he general ter m f or invented stori es, now usual ly appl ied to novels, shor t st ori es, novel a, romances, fables, and ot her nar ati ve works i n pros