【正文】 和常規(guī)切削相比，高速切削加工時切削力至少可降低 30%，這對于加工剛性較差的零件來說可減少加工變形，使一些薄壁類精細(xì)工件的切削加工 成為可能。 改善加工精度和表面質(zhì)量 高速機(jī)床必須具備高剛性和高精度等性能，同時由于切削力低，工件熱變形減少，刀具變形小，高速切削的加工精度很高。 高速切削加工允許使用較大的進(jìn)給率，比常規(guī)切削加工提高 5～ 10 倍，單位時間材料切除率 可提高 3～ 6 倍，加工時間可大大減少。 2 高速切削加工模具相對傳統(tǒng)加工模具的優(yōu)勢 提高生產(chǎn)率 高速切削中主軸轉(zhuǎn)速和進(jìn)給速度的提高，可提高材料去除率。 絕大部分模具均可利用高速切削技術(shù)來加工，如鍛模、壓鑄模、注塑與吹塑模等。而采用高速切削加工后，由于狹小區(qū)域加工的實現(xiàn)和高質(zhì)量的表面結(jié)果，讓電極的使用率大大降低。它以高效率、高精度和高表 面質(zhì)量為基本特征，在汽車工業(yè)、航空航天、模具制造和儀器儀表等行業(yè)中獲得了愈來愈廣泛的應(yīng)用，并已取得了重大的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，是當(dāng)代先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的重要組成部分。 高速切削加工是面向 21 世紀(jì)的一項高新技術(shù)，它是一種不同于傳統(tǒng)加工的加工方式。因此如同數(shù)控技術(shù)一樣 ,高速切削和高速加工已成為 21 世紀(jì)機(jī)械制造業(yè)一場影響深遠(yuǎn)的技術(shù)革命。 高速切削 (HSC)是近十年來迅速崛起的一項先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)。 高速切削加工技術(shù)概述 顧名思義，高速切削，首先是高的速度，即要有高的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速，比如 12020r/min、18000r/min、 30000r/min、 40000r/min，甚至還有更高的轉(zhuǎn)速仍在試驗中；另一方面，又應(yīng)有更大的進(jìn)給量，如 30000mm/min、 40000mm/min，甚至 60000mm/min；再有就是快速移動、快速換刀、主軸換刀后從靜態(tài)到達(dá)其所需轉(zhuǎn)速的加速時間等等，只有達(dá)到了上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能稱之為高速。模具是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中最基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)備，是實現(xiàn)少切削和無切削的不可缺少的工具。目前中國模具市場需求已達(dá) 500 億元的規(guī)模，我國模具制造市場潛力巨大。模具作為重要的工藝裝備，在消費品、電器電子、汽車、飛機(jī)制造等工業(yè)部門中占有舉足輕重的地位。文中還簡要介紹了高速切 削加工在加工工藝方面的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。它能改善模具的尺寸、形狀和表面粗糙度，減少甚至省去手工修磨，從而降低生產(chǎn)成本和縮短制造周期。目前，采用高速切削生產(chǎn)模具已經(jīng)成為模具制造的大趨勢。 When research highspeed cutting processing, must unify closely with the highspeed cutting processing technology, realizes the high efficiency, the high accuracy truly and the redundant reliable goal. The highspeed cutting process technology is the advanced technique of manufacture, has the broad application prospect. Replaces EDM with the highspeed cutting processing (or majority of replaces) speeds up the mold development speed, realizes the craft update major step. The promoted application highspeed cutting process technology applies in the mold manufacturing industry, not only may enhance the machinefinishing large scale the efficiency, the quality, reduces the cost, moreover may lead a series of high technology and new technology industry the development. Therefore, current strengthens the highspeed cutting technology the basic research, establishes the highspeed cutting database, the highspeed cutting safety work standard, enhances the engine bed and tool profession development innovation ability, speeds up the highspeed cutting cutting tool system, the highspeed cutting engine bed system39。s fast repair. The mold often needs to repair in the use process, lengthens the service life, in the past was mainly pletes depending on the electrical finishing, now uses the high speed processing to be possible to plete this work quickly, moreover might use the original NC procedure, did not need to establish. 5 Conclusion The highspeed cutting processing uses the high cutting velocity and the feed rate, the small radial direction and the axial depth of cut, the cutting force is small, the processing surface roughness is very small, cutting tool life enhancement。s each kind of mercialization high speed engine bed already entered the market, applies in the airplane, the automobile and the die making. Along with the highspeed cutting process technology introduction mold industry, has had the very tremendous influence to the traditional mold processing craft, changed the mold processing technical process. Because the mold profile is the very plex free surface generally, and degree of hardness is very high, uses conventional the machining method to satisfy the precision and the shape request with difficulty. The conventional processing method is after the annealing carries on the milling processing, then carries on the heat treatment, the grinding or the electric spark machining, finally the manual polish, polishing, cause the processing cycle to be very long like this. Specially the manual process period, must account for the entire processing cycle to be very big a part. HSC may achieve the accuracy requirement which the mold processes, reduced has even cancelled the manual processing, because and new cutting tool material (for example PCD, PCBN, cermet and so on) the appearance, HSC may the work hardness achieve HRC60, even degree of hardness higher work piece material, after might process hard mold, substitution electric spark machining and abrasive machining. The high speed milling processing has the highly effective high accuracy in the die making as well as may process the high hard material the merit, already obtained the widespread application in the industrially advanced country. The highspeed cutting process technology introduction mold industry, mainly applies in the following several aspects: 1) hard mold die space direct processing. After using the highspeed cutting to be possible to process the hard material the characteristic direct processing hard mold die space, improved the quality which and the efficiency the mold processes, may substitute for the electric spark machining. (2) EDM (electric spark) electrode processing. Applied the highspeed cutting technology processing electrode to raise the electric spark machining efficiency to play the very major role. The highspeed cutting electrode improved electrode39。s quality, reduced the process period. 4 Highspeed cutting process technology in die making application The highspeed cutting process technology has a series of characteristics and the production benefit aspect39。s mutation rapidly Reduces the cutting tool as far as possible the rapidly mutation, because the zigzag pattern mainly applies in the traditional processing, mainly chooses the return route or the sole way cutting in the highspeed cutting processing. This is because in mutation time the NC engine bed must stop (urgently changing down) immediately then the again execution next step of operation. As a result of engine bed acceleration limitation, but is easy to create the time the waste, stops anxiously or whips then can destroy the surface roughness, also has