【正文】 國內(nèi)外的工業(yè)發(fā)展史。因此，發(fā)展我國的機(jī)械制造業(yè)自動化技術(shù)，符合我國社會主義的基本原則，符合我國現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展規(guī)律。機(jī)械自動化技術(shù)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展，是機(jī)械制造業(yè)技術(shù)改造、技術(shù)進(jìn)步的主要手段和技術(shù)發(fā)展的主要方向。因此，自動化技術(shù)受到世界各國的廣泛重視和越來越多的應(yīng)用。 動化技術(shù)（ 機(jī)床 ）是本世紀(jì)以來發(fā)展極迅速和影響極大的科學(xué)技術(shù)之一。加工操作上的差別甚至都混淆不清了。為匹配多功能組合機(jī)床，新刀具和刀具適配器技術(shù)已經(jīng)被開發(fā)出來。 刀具選 擇 ：大多數(shù)人不會將轎車輪胎裝到跑車上，但加工刀具就發(fā)生了這樣的情況。對于編程人員來說，這是屬于他們的時代。因此，橫向培訓(xùn)比過去任何時候都重要了。當(dāng)調(diào)整工程師負(fù)責(zé)加工編程并且親自關(guān)注零件加工的整個過程時，他就完全成了這個零件的主宰者。對于這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換， 培訓(xùn)就比較簡單了，只要培訓(xùn) 1 個人就行，而不是 3 個人?，F(xiàn)在，一個車間可以只用一個操作人員、一個調(diào)整工和一個編程師，將來這 3 項(xiàng)工作完全可以由一個人來做。對于多功能機(jī)床，轉(zhuǎn)換零件速度非常快，生產(chǎn)批次間隔時間更短，庫存更低，生產(chǎn)效率更高。更為重要的 是，他可以借助軟件的幫助使生產(chǎn)效率更高，對于轉(zhuǎn)換加工零件的準(zhǔn)備，也可以編制加工工藝計(jì)劃。對機(jī)器所做的工作越多，機(jī)器就會越復(fù)雜，也相應(yīng)地需要具備更強(qiáng)技能的人才能操縱它。結(jié)果表明，模擬加工出來的成品零件不只是與實(shí)際成品相似，簡直就是一對一的拷貝。 AdMac 系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對這些同時進(jìn)刀的刀架的自動編程，并能使正確的主軸速度、正確的進(jìn)給速度等所有參數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)同步。離線編程優(yōu)化和 NC 自動控制系統(tǒng) 的形成已經(jīng)使這一技術(shù)更容易接受，因此當(dāng)將程序用在機(jī)床上時，不必花很多時間去調(diào)整程序和確認(rèn)某一元件沒有問題。由于控制軟件有很好的直覺性，用戶操作友好程度也在不斷提高。 據(jù)資料介紹，最顯著的特點(diǎn)是這些機(jī)床整體上更具直覺性。在切削刀具上會持續(xù)出現(xiàn)很多不同的溫度區(qū)域，所以也會有很多東西對熱穩(wěn)定性產(chǎn)生影響。機(jī)床滑動產(chǎn) 生摩擦并轉(zhuǎn)化為熱。 由于這個原因，需要制造熱友好機(jī)床，以便知道發(fā)熱的薄弱點(diǎn)在哪里，可以通過合理的機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)來補(bǔ)償。這些都與導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、體積膨脹相關(guān)。但資料顯示，解決方案可有兩個，一個是現(xiàn)代多功能組合機(jī)床的直覺式技術(shù)，另一個是針對金屬加工基本原理及在生產(chǎn)車間現(xiàn)場有關(guān)新機(jī)床使用中難題創(chuàng)新解決方面的培訓(xùn)。在整個生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中推行精益管理時，沒有比把零件加工集中到一臺機(jī)器上完成更精一些傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)廠商認(rèn)為多功能組合機(jī)床過于復(fù)雜，很難找到合適的操作人員也就不足為奇了。過去只有使用多機(jī)操作才能完成的任務(wù)，現(xiàn)在可以集中到一臺機(jī)床上加工完成。Cylinder processing precision is the key problems of the steam engine .In 1774 British j. Wilkinson invent cannon muzzles boring machine. The next year for watt steam engine for processing cylinder body in 1776, he made a more accurate cylinder boring machine, around 1880. In Germany it began with production before and after the stage of the horizontal bar and boring machine adapted to the super heavyweight work piece machining .In the 1930 s the ground as milling and boring machine development of the workload increases. There was borned boring and milling machine at the beginning of 20 centuries, due to the development of the manufacturing industry in instrument clock, needing processing pitch of small errors equipment, in Switzerland appeared coordinates. The structure characteristics of the boring machine： 1） In case accessories when, as a representative of the department with long boring hole cut, is the most important metal cutting one of content of although there are still die by the set of desktop milling boring after supporting pillar long pole or artificial find is turning the method such as 180 long boring hole implementation example of the cut, but in recent years, on the one hand, because of CNC processing center and boring machine of use, make all kinds of horizontal milling and boring machine coordinate location accuracy and the accuracy is the turning points for increased greatly, long boring hole cut was gradually efficient workbench back since 180 the location of the switching boring on the other hand shape of numerical control lathe bed layout mon or desktop milling planer lots of production and application of boring machine, machine structure make workbench from turning 180 since the positioning of the switching boring, almost bee the machine in the cutting long boring holes in the only way 2） Column send into switching boring the coaxial tolerance of error pensation effect and 山東建筑大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 9 milling and boring machine switching boring and the main factors of the coaxial tolerance and the desktop milling and boring machine, is also turning 180 of the array indexing error and to make before switching da has a half a long boring hole d1 axis, in turn again and boring axis after coincidence and boring hole of the other half cut long d2, required the workbench (x) to mobile Lx = 2 Lx the positioning error and turn around 180 dx2 workbench, mesa xy plane coordinates in within the Angle of error df, in the dip Angle within the plane yz error and to produce in dy y of translation error dy, is also turns boring and milling planer desktop the coaxial tolerance of important influence factors of but boring axis space position, turn to the influence of the coaxial tolerance of boring, usually with column send into 3） Boring axis sent into the column when the reasonable determination of the vertical position when run into specific case, milling and boring machine must be fixed in the pillar of the longitudinal bed body a suitable location, but with boring axis with cutting tools as bore out send into form, boring axis and to be boring axis in the xz plane within the name the Angle of cut error db, yz in the Angle of cut plane within the error dg, and the desktop milling and boring machine, to make a turn of the boring the coaxial tolerance of all have important influence, and along with the boring axis sent to the increase of length, weight causes the boring axis under the rod flexible deformation, and turn the coaxial tolerance of boring to have great influence and the desktop milling and boring machine different is, dig desktop milling boring axis of stretch out boring, but the longitudinal mobile column must buy is in on the solid bed a definite position, and the important thing is the sure place could and should be chosen。 so the design and manufacture of cycle is short, less investment, good economic effect. 2) The bination machine tools with many knives processing and a high degree of automation is more efficiency, stable product quality, low labor strength than general machine tools. 3) The general parts bination machine tools is a careful design and the production practice of longterm test, which are made by the special manfunfactory. So the structure is stable, 山東建筑大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 8 reliable and convenient to use and repair. 4) In bination machine tools, due to the special jig props and orientation device, processing technology and equipment guarantee on quality, the operation of the technical level workers is not high. 5) When the products is processed update, using other types of special machine tool, most of its ponent to discard. Its general parts and standard parts can use again, need not be design and manufacturing. 6)