【正文】 s heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. 。 Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And researchers knew that barheaded geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds. In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a barheaded goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest (珠穆朗瑪). It was thought impossible. Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high. 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但周末的能見度低，數(shù)百架航班在周末改道、延誤和取消，學校和辦公室周一關閉，人們必須戴防污口罩，可知，新德里被嚴重的污染所籠罩。 （4）考查主旨大意。由此可判斷“emitted”是排放的意思。因為天氣變冷，從汽車和以煤為基礎的發(fā)電廠“emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的霧霾。 （3）考查詞義猜測。由此可知，由于污染嚴重，學校、大學、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數(shù)百萬個防污染口罩。根據(jù)第四段“Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 周末期間，由于能見度低，數(shù)百架航班被迫改道、延誤和取消，學校和辦公室周一關閉，官員們緊急采取措施，試圖扭轉(zhuǎn)不斷惡化的空氣質(zhì)量。故選B?？芍?，政府盡管發(fā)誓解決這種污染，但情況不僅沒有改變，反而更加嚴重，使得人們必須佩戴防毒口罩。s most polluted city.” 新德里每年都會被污染吞沒，隨著天氣變冷，汽車和以煤為基礎的發(fā)電廠排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飄動的灰塵，以及鄰國農(nóng)作物秸稈燃燒產(chǎn)生的煙霧，都會形成濃霧。 （1）考查推理判斷。 . Caused by the Development of New Delhi Pollution Envelops New Delhi Masks Are in Great Need in New Delhi in the Neighboring States are to Blame for Burning Crop Stubble【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著城市的發(fā)展和越來越多的人口流動，城市規(guī)模的擴大，印度的新德里成為世界上污染最嚴重的城市。 s air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 Sunday. That is the highest 24hour average since Nov. 6, 2016, when it hit 497, according to data measured by the Central Pollution Control Board.（1）Which of the following is NOT true? is one of the most important festivals in India. government did little to protect its citizens against the serious pollution. a serious air pollution in New Delhi appears on a regular basis. index of the recent air pollution is not the worst in the history.（2）Who may not plain about the serious air pollution? parents whose children have to stay at home. pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed. manufacturers who produce antipollution masks. officials who have to work out of their offices.（3）Which of the following phrases can replace the underlined word in paragraph 5? out. up. in. on.（4）The title of the passage should be s most polluted city. Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets. With the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. That is why it is called New Delhi. New Delhi, a city with a population of over 20 million people, has its newest problem: never before has this city met with the worst air problem.Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in India. Numerous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the area39。 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。因此蝙蝠與鳥不同，蝙蝠可以倒掛著。根據(jù)第三段中的Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats landupside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. One downside to this landing routine is that the bats often land with some force, which probably causes pain.可知，蝙蝠飛行的另一個有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的方式！不同于那些降落在地上或樹枝上的鳥，觀察到蝙蝠可以四處飛行，然后突然倒掛在頭頂?shù)奈矬w上。故選C。劃線部分的上下文說蝙蝠在自我調(diào)節(jié)的能力上要好得多：蝙蝠可以迅速改變飛行方向，或者完全與它（正飛行方向）相反的方向飛行，這是鳥不容易做到的。根據(jù)第二段中的 In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings…This makes coordinating (協(xié)調(diào)) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances.可推斷出，過去人們認為蝙蝠與鳥在飛行運動方式與鳥沒有區(qū)別，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是不正確的，故也是要糾正的，故選C。故選D。尤其是they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or pletely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do可知蝙蝠與鳥的運動不同；第三段中的Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats landupside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches,…再一次說明了蝙蝠與鳥運動方式的不同。根據(jù)第一段中的Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently.提出了蝙蝠與鳥的降落方式及飛行的不同。以前人們認為蝙蝠和鳥類在運動方面沒有什么區(qū)別，但現(xiàn)在的研究證明蝙蝠的構(gòu)造不同于鳥類，它們的翅膀由前肢和后肢組成，它們自我調(diào)節(jié)能力好，可迅速改變飛行方向，或完全逆行，這是鳥類不容易做到的，而且蝙蝠飛行的另一個有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的！這不同于那些降落在地上或樹枝上的鳥。D.Bats can hang upside down like birds.C.the ability to change the speed（4）According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A.the sense of flying heightC.the distance to the netsD.They fly similarly to birds.B.They cannot hear any sound.Differences in the eating habits of bats and birds.D.Places where flying animals choose to land.B. Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats landupside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly