【正文】 s heart health.（1）Which of the following agrees with Dr. Chockalingam39。 Dr. Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 times an hour. To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish ... smiling for seemingly no reason. But a smile does not involve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side effects. However, when we are stressed for a long period, these stress hormones are everpresent in our bodies. And that, medical researchers warn, may lead to health problems.When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (荷爾蒙) including adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline increases your heart rate and blood pressure. Cortisol is the body39。 Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and stroke. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile! 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。因此蝙蝠與鳥不同，蝙蝠可以倒掛著。根據(jù)第三段中的Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats landupside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. One downside to this landing routine is that the bats often land with some force, which probably causes pain.可知，蝙蝠飛行的另一個有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的方式！不同于那些降落在地上或樹枝上的鳥，觀察到蝙蝠可以四處飛行，然后突然倒掛在頭頂?shù)奈矬w上。故選C。劃線部分的上下文說蝙蝠在自我調(diào)節(jié)的能力上要好得多：蝙蝠可以迅速改變飛行方向，或者完全與它（正飛行方向）相反的方向飛行，這是鳥不容易做到的。根據(jù)第二段中的 In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings…This makes coordinating (協(xié)調(diào)) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances.可推斷出，過去人們認為蝙蝠與鳥在飛行運動方式與鳥沒有區(qū)別，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是不正確的，故也是要糾正的，故選C。故選D。尤其是they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or pletely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do可知蝙蝠與鳥的運動不同；第三段中的Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats landupside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches,…再一次說明了蝙蝠與鳥運動方式的不同。根據(jù)第一段中的Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently.提出了蝙蝠與鳥的降落方式及飛行的不同。以前人們認為蝙蝠和鳥類在運動方面沒有什么區(qū)別，但現(xiàn)在的研究證明蝙蝠的構(gòu)造不同于鳥類，它們的翅膀由前肢和后肢組成，它們自我調(diào)節(jié)能力好，可迅速改變飛行方向，或完全逆行，這是鳥類不容易做到的，而且蝙蝠飛行的另一個有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的！這不同于那些降落在地上或樹枝上的鳥。D.Bats can hang upside down like birds.C.the ability to change the speed（4）According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A.the sense of flying heightC.the distance to the netsD.They fly similarly to birds.B.They cannot hear any sound.Differences in the eating habits of bats and birds.D.Places where flying animals choose to land.B. Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats landupside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. One downside to this landing routine is that the bats often land with some force, which probably causes pain. However, not all bats hit their landing spots with the same speed and force。 Being able to land safely is a critically important skill for all flying animals. Comparatively speaking, ground living animals face no particular challenge when they need to stop running or crawling, while flying animals move at much higher speed, and they must be careful about how they land. Hitting the ground, or even water, at full flight speed would be quite dangerous. Before touching down, they must decrease their speed in order to land safely. Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently. 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。根據(jù)第三段中的“As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began.”作為實驗的掩護，所有受試者都得告在游戲開始前就要吃完這些零食。可知選C。然而，他們還推斷，這種方式可能會導致人們更加了解他人的需求，從而推動合作性的行為。根據(jù)第二段中的“However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to bee more aware of others39?？芍猣amilystyle指的是與別人一起用餐，故選B。 needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result.”他們形成了一套理論，認為一方面，與他人一起吃飯可能表明糧食短缺，并加強了競爭的概念。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。To avoid the distraction during the game.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了外交宴席的心理學To hide the intention of the experiment.B.To find out whether sharing food can get people close emotionally.（3）Why were participants asked to eat up the snack before the game? A.To prove sharing food increases petition.C.A meal taken in a family atmosphere.（2）For what purpose did the researchers carry out the present experiments? A.A meal consumed by oneself.B.A meal taken at home. The researchers measured cooperation by noting the number of rounds it took to reach an agreement, and found that those who shared food resolved the strike significantly faster（in 8. 7rounds）than those who did not（ rounds）. A similar experiment was conducted with 104participants and Goldfish crackers（餅干）, this time negotiating an airline39。 For the first test they recruited 100 pairs of participants from a local cafe, none of whom knew each other. The participants were seated at a table and fed tortilla chips with salsa. Half the pairs were given their own basket of 20 grams of chips and a bowl of 25 grams of salsa, and half were given 40 grams of chips and 50 grams of salsa to