【正文】 根據(jù)最后一段中的＂because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg).＂可推知 ＂megafaunal＂應(yīng)為大型動(dòng)物，因此選C。s current species.＂可知，到22世紀(jì)，地球還會(huì)有目前物種的1/2會(huì)滅絕，也就是10million的半，即five million，因此選B。(2)考查推理判斷。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。Flesheating creatures.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，許多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，我們正經(jīng)歷著地球史上第六次大規(guī)模物種滅絕，主要原因是人類的過(guò)度捕獵、過(guò)度捕撈和人類棲息地的喪失。C.Marine life.It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂.（3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ? A.About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂.B.Scientists still disagree about the cause of it.（2）What can be inferred from the text about species？ A.It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene.B. One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However, its cause remains a debate amongst scientists.（1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？ A. Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass dieoffs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered. an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world39。 Overhunting, overfishing, and humandriven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in Earth39。 More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years.8．閱讀理解故選C。(4)考查推理判斷。因此推斷菟絲子會(huì)影響農(nóng)民們的收入。根據(jù)最后一段中的“When it does get out of hand, dodder can greatly reduce a farmer39。故選D。根據(jù)第三段中的“If it cannot catch a smell of a potential host within a few days, it will dry up”可知，菟絲子如果不能很快找到可以寄生的植物，它就會(huì)變干，因此推斷即使周圍有許多水它也會(huì)消失死亡。根據(jù)第一段中的“Except for its flowers, the plant looks like spaghetti, a kind of noodles in the shape of long thin pieces that look like string when they are cooked.”可推斷，作者把菟絲子和意大利面條相比是用人們熟悉的東西來(lái)說(shuō)明它的形狀，故選D。To introduce recent improvements in farming methods.【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一種有特殊生長(zhǎng)習(xí)性，危害農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)的攀附植物——菟絲子。To introduce the special abilities of a dangerous plant.B.Dodder can only survive in the shade.（4）What is the purpose of the passage? A. ine.Dodder gives off smell to attract plants.C.Dodder doesn39。D.C.B.To describe the shape of dodder plants.（2）What does the underlined word “vanish” in the third paragraph mean? A.To introduce the topic of this passage.C.s harvest or even destroy crops pletely. Before sowing their produce, especially farmers in warm parts of the world often check to make sure no unwanted dodder seeds have mixed with their crop seeds. This is a good way to stop dodder plants from making their way to a crop field secretly.（1）Why does the author mention spaghetti in the first paragraph? A. However, a young dodder plant must find a host plant quickly. It no longer needs its root once it is attached to the host and wrapped around it. If it cannot catch a smell of a potential host within a few days, it will dry up and vanish even if there is plenty of water around. Once it finds a host, the young dodder plant will attach itself to it and start growing faster. At that point the dodder plant will drop its root.s almost leafless, threadlike stems hang down on top of other plants that dodder needs to stay alive. Dodder does not produce its own food. Instead, it steals food from other plants. It feeds by sucking juices from the plant which is wrapped around, often making its host very weak or even killing it.7．閱讀理解故選C。最后一段又重新強(qiáng)調(diào)了該論點(diǎn)。(3)考查主旨大意。最后一段再次強(qiáng)調(diào)中心論點(diǎn)。第三段James Dyson為正面例子證明：成功是建立失敗的基礎(chǔ)上的。(2)考查文章結(jié)構(gòu)。很明顯，這個(gè)問(wèn)題就是為了引出下文對(duì)中心論點(diǎn)的論述服務(wù)的。根據(jù)第一段中的“But the paradox（悖論）is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail.”可知，文章的中心論點(diǎn)是如果孩子想要真正成功，首先就要學(xué)會(huì)失敗。Where we further improve ourselves【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論證了“失敗是孩子成功的必須條件”這一觀點(diǎn)。Why failure is the key to flying highB.How we can avoid failure in lifeD.C.B.doubt the abilities of the top skaters（2）Which of the following is the structure of the passage? A.express the author39。B.open up a discussion on the topic But let us return to children. One of the major mistakes in education in the 1970s was the attempt to equip children with confidence by giving them lots of successes （setting the bar very low）. The consequence was that the ego of kids became bound up with success, and they became unable to take risks and collapsed as soon as they hit a proper challenge. In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don39。 What is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 failed prototypes(原型) for his dual cyclone vacuum before coining up with the design that made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put it: “You can39。 The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice, attempting jumps that stretch their limitations. This is why they fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast.