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photochemical machining(pcm)for etching by using of photosensitive resists in microelectronics。 without producing burrs or inducing residual machining can be defined as a process using mechanical(motion) machining utilizes other forms of energy。Nontraditional Machining Processes IntroductionTraditional or conventional machining, such as turning, milling, and grinding etc., uses mechanical energy to shear metal against another substance to create holes or remove machining processes are defined as a group of processes that remove excess material by various techniques involving mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical energy or binations of these energies but do not use a sharp cutting tool as it is used in traditional manufacturing hard and brittle materials are difficult to be machined by traditional machining traditional methods to machine such materials means increased demand for time and energy and therefore increases in costs。此時(shí),工具表面的振動(dòng)幅值為20~50μm。音極是暴露在超聲波振動(dòng)中的一小塊金屬或工具,它將振動(dòng)能傳給某個(gè)元件,從而激勵(lì)漿料中的磨粒。傳統(tǒng)的超聲加工是利用作為小振幅振動(dòng)的工具與工件之間不斷循環(huán)的含有磨粒的漿料的磨蝕作用去除材料的。這種加工過程不產(chǎn)生熱量、無化學(xué)反應(yīng),加工出的零件在微結(jié)構(gòu)、化學(xué)和物理特性方面都不發(fā)生變化,可以獲得無應(yīng)力加工表面。激光技術(shù)正處于高速發(fā)展期,激光加工也如此。采用傳統(tǒng)加工方法,非常難以加工硬脆材料如陶瓷等,而激光加工是解決此類問題的最好選擇。另外,通過套孔加工還可有效實(shí)現(xiàn)大孔及復(fù)雜輪廓的加工。激光打孔深度可以控制到每個(gè)激光脈沖不超過一微米,且可以根據(jù)加工要求很靈活地留下非常淺的永久性標(biāo)記。簡而言之,這些加工工藝包括激光打孔、激光切割、激光焊接、激光刻槽和激光刻劃等。激光束加工LASER是英文Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation 各單詞頭一個(gè)字母所組成的縮寫詞。作為一種非機(jī)械式金屬去除加工方法,ECM可以以高切削量加工任何導(dǎo)電材料,而無須考慮材料的機(jī)械性能。為了獲得電化學(xué)過程形狀復(fù)制的高精度和高的材料去除率,需要采用高的電流密度(范圍為10~100 A/cm2)和低電壓(范圍為8~30V)。在電化學(xué)加工過程中,從陽極(工件)上蝕除下的粒子移向陰極(加工工具)。利用陽極溶解,電化學(xué)加工可以去除具有導(dǎo)電性質(zhì)工件的材料,而無須機(jī)械能和熱能。濕度和溫度也會(huì)導(dǎo)致工件尺寸發(fā)生改變。由于蝕刻劑沿垂直和水平方向開始蝕除材料,鉆蝕(又稱為淘蝕)量進(jìn)一步加大?;瘜W(xué)加工將工件浸入到化學(xué)試劑或蝕刻劑中,位于工件選區(qū)的材料通過發(fā)生在金屬溶蝕或化學(xué)溶解過程中的電化學(xué)微電池作用被去除掉。電極之間的間隙只有千分之幾英寸,通過伺服機(jī)構(gòu)驅(qū)動(dòng)和控制工具電極的進(jìn)給使該值保持常量。這個(gè)高電壓可以在工具電極和工件電極窄縫間的絕緣電介質(zhì)中產(chǎn)生電場。傳統(tǒng)加工工藝依靠硬質(zhì)刀具或磨料去除較軟的材料,而特種加工工藝如電火花加工,則是利用電火花或熱能來電蝕除余料,以獲得所需的零件形狀。恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠@些加工工藝可以獲得很多優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)加工工藝的好處。由于在加工過程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生殘余應(yīng)力,傳統(tǒng)加工方法還會(huì)造成刀具磨損,損壞產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。特種加工是指這樣一組加工工藝,它們通過各種涉及機(jī)械能、熱能、電能、化學(xué)能或及其組合形式的技術(shù),而不使用傳統(tǒng)加工所必需的尖銳刀具來去除工件表面的多余材料。(such as bedroom, study room, toilet room optional second plus a sitting room)for you in the home of CD/TV/FM/MP3 audio source(or digital TV settop boxes, satellite TV settop boxes, IPTV, online movies, DVD, etc.)share audio and video equipment to solve the problem, for you to solve different remote control, audio and video equipment in Taiwan, the volume operation purpose, as you install a digital TV settop box in the bedroom(VCD, DVD)the same effect as satellite television settop boxes, and background music system In simple terms, in any other houses, including the sitting room, bedroom, kitchen or bathroom, background music on the lines are, by one or more of the sound source,(CD/TV/FM/MP3 audio)can make a wonderful background music can be heard in every room Cooperate with AV video exchange of products, can use the lowest cost, not only realize the video and audio signals are Shared in every room, and can choose the background music of each room independent signal source, can remotely boot, shutdown, change channels, fast forward, fast return, such as audio and video, the background music sharing and the best ratio of design scheme of the remote control! 11 digital home entertainment system “Digital entertainment” is a study of using puter as a home entertainment center, or sitting room advocate lie on a big screen TV broadcast and display the amount of content from the Internet in Shanghai music, film and television resources, TV, games, resources, information resources and so installation “l(fā)aughter xianju digital entertainment terminal”, the place such as sitting room, bedroom, living room, the family can get audiovisual entertainment installation, use online panel and the super five kinds of thread connection twelve integrated wiring system Is through a total management cases will be attentive telephone line, cable, broadband networks, such as audio line is called the weak current line of unified planning in an orderly state, in a unified management inside the bedroom of telephone, fax, puter, TV, VCD, security monitoring equipment, and other network information home appliances, make the function more powerful, use more convenient, easier maintenance, are more likely to expand new the telephone extension, LAN construction, the sharing of the 13 fingerprint lock Embarrassing: you must have had for some reason forgot to bring the key to the door of home, or to visit relatives in the home or guest, you just can39。t have to buy a new electrical equipment, the system can be pletely with your home39。目前智能家居的發(fā)展趨勢是由集中控制到分布控制,與集中式控制相比,分布式控制不僅能減少布線,而且能提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性,當(dāng)某一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)故障時(shí),只需將該節(jié)點(diǎn)從網(wǎng)絡(luò)中拿走,而其它節(jié)點(diǎn)不受影響。但相對說來,它的可靠性要求沒有控制信息那么高。其產(chǎn)品最大的特點(diǎn)是價(jià)格便宜,易學(xué)易用,可滿足非PC(個(gè)人電腦、微機(jī))用戶使用電腦和上網(wǎng)的需求。 十三 指紋鎖 您一定有過這樣的尷尬:由于某種原因忘記帶了家中的房門鑰匙,或是家中親人或客人造訪,您恰恰不能立即趕回等等!如果這個(gè)時(shí)候能在單位或遙遠(yuǎn)的外地用手機(jī)或是電話將房門打開,該是多么方便呀!并且在單位或遙遠(yuǎn)的外地用手機(jī)或是電話“查詢”一下家中指數(shù)碼指紋鎖的“開,關(guān)”狀態(tài),是不是讓您更會(huì)感到安全!世界頂尖生物識別,指紋技術(shù)與密碼技術(shù)的完美結(jié)合,三項(xiàng)獨(dú)立開門方式:指紋、密碼和機(jī)械鑰匙,安全方便 十四 新風(fēng)空氣調(diào)節(jié)有一種設(shè)備既不用整日去開窗(有的衛(wèi)生間是密閉的),就能定時(shí)為您更換經(jīng)過過濾的新鮮空氣哪(外面的空氣經(jīng)過過濾近來,同時(shí)將屋內(nèi)的濁氣排除)! 十五 寵物保姆撥通家里的電話,就能給自己心愛的寵物喂食,還能聽到它的聲音,這該是一件多么富有情趣和時(shí)尚的生活!研制開發(fā)了具有高科技水平、操作簡易的電話遠(yuǎn)程控制,自動(dòng)定時(shí)控制,遙控控制的寵物喂食機(jī)??發(fā)展歷程1999年3月10日,微軟公司董事長比爾 十 背景音樂系統(tǒng)簡單地說,就在任何一間房子里,包括客廳、臥室、廚房或衛(wèi)生間,均可布上背景音樂線,通過 1 個(gè)或多個(gè)音源,(CD/TV/FM/MP3 音源)可以讓每個(gè)房間都能聽到美妙的背景音樂配合AV影視交換產(chǎn)品,可以用最低的成本,不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了每個(gè)房間音頻和視頻信號的共享,而且可以各房間獨(dú)立的遙控選擇背景音樂信號源,可以遠(yuǎn)程開機(jī)、關(guān)機(jī)、換臺、快進(jìn)、快退等,是音視頻、背景音樂共享和遠(yuǎn)程控制的最佳的性價(jià)比設(shè)計(jì)方案! 十一 數(shù)字家庭娛樂系統(tǒng)“數(shù)字娛樂”則是利用書房電腦作為家庭娛樂的播放中心,客廳或主臥大屏幕電視機(jī)上播放和顯示的內(nèi)容來源于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上海量的音樂資源、影視資源、電視資源、游戲資源、信息資源等等。 八 安防報(bào)警功能當(dāng)有警情發(fā)生時(shí),能自動(dòng)撥打點(diǎn)電話,并聯(lián)動(dòng)相關(guān)電器做報(bào)警處理 九 影音設(shè)備共享功能家庭影音控制系統(tǒng)包括家庭影視交換中心(視頻共享)和背景音樂系統(tǒng)(音頻共享)。 四 集中控制您可以在進(jìn)門的玄關(guān)處就同時(shí)打開客廳,餐廳和廚房的燈光,廚寶等電器,尤其是在夜晚您可以在臥室控制客廳和衛(wèi)生間的燈光電器,既方便又安全,還可以查詢他們的工作狀態(tài)。主人不在家時(shí),也可以通過手機(jī)或固定電話來自動(dòng)給花草澆水、寵物喂食等。既便您的家居已裝修也可輕松升級為智能家居。主要特色 隨意照明控制隨意照明控制,按幾下按鈕就能調(diào)節(jié)所有房間的照明,各種夢幻燈光,可以隨心創(chuàng)造!智能照明系統(tǒng)具有軟啟功能,能使燈光漸亮漸暗; 燈光調(diào)光可實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)亮調(diào)暗功能,讓你和家人分享溫馨與浪漫,同時(shí)具有節(jié)能和環(huán)保的效果;全開全關(guān)功能可輕松實(shí)現(xiàn)燈和電器的一鍵全關(guān)和一鍵全開功能,并具有亮度記憶功能?;窘榻B智能家居是人們的一種居住環(huán)境,其以住宅為平臺安裝有智能家居系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭生活更加安全,節(jié)能,智能,便利和舒適。以住宅為平臺,利用綜合布線技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信技術(shù)、智能家居系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案安全防范技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)、音視頻技術(shù)將家居生活有關(guān)的設(shè)施集成,構(gòu)建高效的住宅設(shè)施與家庭日程事務(wù)的管理系統(tǒng),提升家居安全性、便利性、舒適性、藝術(shù)性,并實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)保