機(jī)械英漢翻譯-機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)概論-wenkub.com
2024-10-02 18:47 本頁面
【正文】 設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)吃力的行業(yè)，但只要具有豐富的知識，設(shè)計(jì)工作還是十分有趣的。 當(dāng)然，還有許多其它重要的因素和細(xì)節(jié)。 (7)要了解各種經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和成本比較的知識，因?yàn)閷椭鱽碚f，雇傭工程師最主要的原因是他們能夠?yàn)楣椭鞴?jié)省費(fèi)用。例如在腐蝕氣體、低溫或相對高溫下材料的特性。在一個(gè)工廠碰巧被證明為經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用的設(shè)計(jì)方案，可能并不適用于另一個(gè)工廠。 設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)常要向工程實(shí)際妥協(xié)，滿足競爭需要而勉強(qiáng)做出的決定可能與人們最好的工程判斷完全相反，生產(chǎn)制造的困難也會使我們不得不改變設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)這個(gè)概念，繼續(xù)研究零件的布置，連接件的長度和位置(可能還要包括連桿的運(yùn)動學(xué)研究)，齒輪、螺栓、彈簧、凸輪及其它機(jī)械零件的位置。這些事例恰好說明了設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)動態(tài)過程。通常，在制造過程中會出現(xiàn)某個(gè)問題。這一般是通過口頭討論，草圖和文字材料進(jìn)行的。設(shè)計(jì)人員的基本職責(zé)是努力使機(jī)器來適應(yīng)人們。只有這樣，才不致于堵塞創(chuàng)新的思路。因此，一個(gè)性能優(yōu)越的產(chǎn)品誕生的同時(shí)，也伴隨著較高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。一個(gè)全新的設(shè)計(jì)，要求摒棄許多陳舊的，為人們所熟知的方法。另一方面，應(yīng)該認(rèn)真精確地進(jìn)行所有運(yùn)算。因而，應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到在一個(gè)特定產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)之前，必須先確定人們是否需要這種產(chǎn)品。機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)是一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)造性的工作。原文Introduction to Machine DesignMachine design is the application of science and technology to devise new Or improved products for the purpose of satisfying human needs．It is a vast field of engineering technology which not only concerns itself with the original conception of the product in terms of its size，shape and construction details，but also considers the various factors involved in the manufacture，marketing and use of the product．People who perform the various functions of machine design are typically called designers，or design engineers．Machine design is basically a creative activity．However，in addition to being innovative，a design engineer must also have a solid background in the areas of mechanical drawing，kinematics，dynamics, materials engineering, strength of materials and manufacturing processes. As stated previously，the purpose of machine design is to produce a product which will serve a need for man．Inventions，discoveries and scientific knowledge by themselves do not necessarily benefit people；only if they ale incorporated into a designed product will a benefit be derived．It should be recognized，therefore，that a human need must be identified before a particular product is designed． Machine design should be considered to be an opportunity to use innovative talents to envision a design of a product，to analyze the system and then make sound judgments on how the product is to be manufactured．It is important to understand the fundamentals of engineering rather than memorize mere facts and equations．There are no facts or equations which alone can beused to provide all the correct decisions required to produce a good design．On the other hand，any calculations made must be done with the utmost care and precision．For example，if a decimal point is misplaced，an otherwise acceptable design may not function．Good d
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