【正文】 phrases 4. Working with words and phrases A. Find appropriate verbs or phrases (1— 8) in the text which fit the items (a— h). ( ) 1. postpone a. one’s appearance ( ) 2. favor b. a danger ( ) 3. retain c. layoffs ( ) 4. be smarting from d. younger applicants ( ) 5. take steps to improve e. cosmetic surgeries ( ) 6. gain f. one’s standing ( ) 7. zero in too much on g. a petitive advantage ( ) 8. scamper away from h. retirement h Back Next d f c a g e b 21 1. Some businessmen __________ citizens to economise as much as possible in the consumption of food so as to help the hungry people. 2. Five years ago, he wrote to the government, suggesting that the laws against ____________ on the grounds of sex, race and age should also apply to disability. 3. As a deaf person, she is always _________________ when finding jobs. 4. The repeated failures in job searching made my brother _____________ determined and strongwilled. 上海交通大 學 出版社 Focus1wordsamp。 職涯教練多蘿西 Meaning: … than spending too much time and money on beautifying their appearance. Translation “我們這個社會存在著很嚴重的老齡化問題”皮特斯說，“要是人家看著他們說‘嘿，你什么時候退休??？干嘛要整容？’，年紀大的人們就很生氣。 Note: “give sb. a leg up” means “help sb. improve their situation” 助 …… 一臂之力 . His father has a wide connection to the business world, and this gives a leg up to his pany’s development. 他父親在商界有著廣泛的人脈 ， 這為他公司的發(fā)展助了一臂之力 。 聯(lián)邦儲備委員會的一份調(diào)查顯示經(jīng)濟衰退的沖擊迫使很多人早已過了既定的退休年齡還在工作 ——要是手里捧著金飯碗 ， 那就更得抓牢了 。 Another meaning of this phrase is “to give a satisfactory explanation of why something has happened or why you did something” 解釋 . How would you account for your absence from yesterday’s meeting? 昨天你沒來開會 ， 怎么解釋 ？ Translation “ 比較常見的情況是我們經(jīng)常聽見人們說 ‘ 我真擔心自己會落伍 ’ 或者 ‘ 我擔心自己得不到心儀了好幾年的職位 ， 所以才來整容的 。 Meaning: … enable them to work as many years as possible. Note: in a difficult corner means “in a difficult situation where one has no choice about what to do” 身陷困境 . After being promoted to the position of vice president, he found himself falling in a difficult corner though. 在被晉升到副總裁的職位后， 他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己反而身陷困境 。 Question about Paras. 11 15 3. Why has the minimally invasive treatments grown very rapidly? Hunting for a Job? Don’t Expect Plastic Surgery to Help Back Next 上海交通大 學 出版社 Because such kinds of treatments are cheaper than traditional surgical procedures and require less recovery time. 16 Hunting for a Job? Don’t Expect Plastic Surgery to Help Back Next 上海交通大 學 出版社 “ The more mon scenario is when we have people who are talking more about, ?I?m concerned that I?m falling behind, or I?m concerned that I haven?t gotten the promotion that I have wanted to get several years ago, and that?s why I?m having it done,?” said Sarwer. Professionals or high ranking executives seek out Peters with similar concerns — they want to appear energetic and vital to their workplace in order to extend their careers for as long as possible. And some are in a difficult corner. A Federal Reserve survey suggests that fallout from the recession will force many to work well past their planned retirement date—all the more incentive to keep a tight grip on a good job. A new analysis of Census data found that the percentage of people 65 and older in the labor force increased from percent in 1990 to percent in 2022, according to Forbes. The Urban Institute forecasts that employees 50 years and older will account for 35 percent of the labor force by 2022. Note: scenario refers to “a situation that could possibly happen” 情境，情節(jié) . Imagine a scenario where there are only men in the world. 想象一下， 世界上只有男人的情景 。 專業(yè)人士稱增長主要體現(xiàn)在微創(chuàng)手術(shù)上 。 Meaning: attractive to the seniors… Note: outmatch means “to be better than or be superior to” 優(yōu)于 ， 勝 于 . Though I can speak better English than my brother, heoutmatches me in other subjects. 盡 管我英 語說 得比我兄弟強 ，可他在其他 學 科上都 勝 我一 籌。 ” 14 Hunting for a Job? Don’t Expect Plastic Surgery to Help Back Next 上海交通大 學 出版社 The result, said Rother, is that “many older women in particular, especially those in petitive job markets, are taking steps to improve their appearance in order to better pete against younger job applicants.” In fact, $ billion was spent on cosmetic procedures in the . in 2022, an increase of 15 percent from the previous year. That was the fourth straight year of growth for the industry, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Experts say the growth has been in minimally invasive treatments. Skin treatments such as Botox injections and soft tissue fillers are cheaper than traditional surgical procedures like facelifts and eyelid surgery, and they require less recovery time. These approaches are especially appealing to older people in the workforce who think they are being outmatched when pared to peers who may appear younger and more energetic, said David Sarwer, professor of Psychology in Psychiatry and Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania. Note: step here means “one of a series of things that you do in order to deal with a problem or to succeed” 步 驟 ， 手段 . The government immediately took steps to stop the riot. 政府立刻采取措施制止了暴 亂 。 “盡管在求職中年齡歧視是違法的 ，但很多五六十歲的人在找工作的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)年齡還真是個障礙 。 Meaning: … find that their age can prevent them from looking for a new job. age discrimination: 年 齡 歧 視 In workplace, there are many kinds of discrimination, for example, racial discrimination, sex discrimination, disable discrimination etc. subtle: a. behaving in a skilful and clever way, especially using indirect methods or language to hide what you are trying to do 微妙的 ， 精妙的 . You’d better take a more subtle