【正文】 ?如何避免重蹈覆轍。 432 papercheck——降低成本 ?Ability to create highly specialized business——專業(yè)化商務(wù) ?Allows reduced inventories and overhead by facilitating “pull” type supply chain management——供應(yīng)鏈優(yōu)化 ?The pull type processing allows for customization of products and services which provides petitive advantage to its implementers——個性化產(chǎn)品與服務(wù) ?Benefits to Organizations對組織 96 97 Benefits to Organizations (cont.) ?Reduces the time between the outlay of capital and the receipt of products and services ——上市時(shí)間 ?Supports business processes reengineering (BPR) efforts: productivity, administrators to increase 100+%——流程重組 ?業(yè)務(wù)創(chuàng)新 ?Lowers telemunications cost the Inter is much cheaper than value added works (VANs) ——低廉的通訊成本 ?Other: image, customerservice, new partner, reducedcycle time, flexibility, transportation cost, paperless, simplified processes 98 消費(fèi)者得到的收益 Benefits to Customers ?Enables customers to shop or do other transactions 24 hours a day, all year round from almost any location全天候服務(wù) ?Provides customers with more choices更多選擇 ?Provides customers with less expensive products and services by allowing them to shop in many places and conduct quick parisons較低的成本 ?Allows quick delivery of products and services in some cases, especially with digitized products及時(shí)交貨 99 Benefits to Customers (cont.) ?Customers can receive relevant and detailed information in seconds, rather than in days or weeks適時(shí)得到商品信息 ?Makes it possible to participate in virtual auctions參加拍賣 ?Allows customers to interact with other customers in electronic munities and exchange ideas as well as pare experiences電子社區(qū)中的信息交流 ?Electronic merce facilitates petition, which results in substantial ?免稅 100 社會得到的收益 Benefits to Society ?Enables more individuals to work at home, and to do less traveling for shopping, resulting in less traffic on the roads, and lower air pollution便利的工作方式 ?Allows some merchandise to be sold at lower prices benefiting the poor ones窮人得到價(jià)值 ?Enables people in Third World countries and rural areas to enjoy products and services which otherwise are not available to them (. learn profession and earn college degree)落后地區(qū)得到先進(jìn)服務(wù) ?Facilitates delivery of public services at a reduced cost,increases effectiveness, and/or improves quality (. egov. healthcare to rural )共服務(wù)成本降低 101 EC的局限因素 The Limitations of Electronic Commerce ?Lack of sufficient system’s security, reliability, standards, and munication protocols改進(jìn)中的系統(tǒng)問題，缺乏通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ?Insufficient telemunication bandwidth帶寬 ?The software development tools are still evolving and changing rapidly變化中的開發(fā)工具 ?Difficulties in integrating the Inter and electronic merce software with some existing applications and databases對既有系統(tǒng)的整合 ?技術(shù)因素 Technical Limitations of Electronic Commerce 102 技術(shù)因素 (cont.) ?The need for special Web servers and other infrastructures, in addition to the work servers (additional cost)專門的技術(shù)支持 ?Possible problems of interoperability, meaning that some EC software does not fit with some hardware, or is inpatible with some operating systems or other ponents不同系統(tǒng)的互操作 103 非技術(shù)限制因素 NonTechnical Limitations—interweek/1998 ?開發(fā)成本 ?安全與隱私 ?誠信問題 ?缺乏觸摸 ?法律問題 ?電子商務(wù)在變化 ?缺乏足夠的支持服務(wù) ?足夠的交易雙方 ?缺乏人際接觸 ?上網(wǎng)的不便 ?網(wǎng)上詐騙及其維權(quán)成本 104 營銷的變化 From（既有狀況） ?Mass marketing（大眾營銷） ?Mass production（大規(guī)模制造） ?Monologue（單向） ?papercatalog ?Onetomany munication model ?Supplyside thinking ?Customer as a target ?Segmentation（細(xì)分） To（目標(biāo)狀況） ?Target, one to one ?Mass customization ?Dialogue ?Ecatalog ?MtoM ?Demandside thinking ?Customer as a partner ?Communities（社區(qū)） 105 Marketing shift (cont.) from （既有狀況） ?Physical products and services（物理產(chǎn)品） ?Intermediation（中介） ?Distribution model (nondirect— shopping mallsbroker) ?Selling model ?固定價(jià)格或折扣 To（目標(biāo)狀況） ?digital products and services（數(shù)字產(chǎn)品） ?Disintermediation, new intermediation（去中介） ?基于價(jià)值的定價(jià) /客戶的影響 106 ?Transforming Organizations組織變革 ?Work will change（工作的變革） ?Technology and Organizational learning（組織學(xué)習(xí)） ? Technology learning strategic and structural change ? Can’t be achieved overnight ? New Organizational approaches ?Nature of work（工作的特征） ? Outsourcing / downsizing（外包） ? Risk— thin