【正文】 4. cost. In injection moulding, the manufacture of the mould to produce the injectionmoulded ponents is usually the longest part of the product development process. When utilising rapid modelling, the CAD takes the longer time and therefore bees the bottleneck. The process design and injection moulding of plastics involves rather plicated and time consuming activities including part design, mould design, injection moulding machine selection, production scheduling, tooling and cost estimation. Traditionally all these activities are done by part designers and mould making personnel in a sequential manner after pleting injection moulded plastic part design. Obviously these sequential stages could lead to long product development time. However with the implementation of concurrent engineering process in the all parameters effecting product design, mould design, machine selection, production scheduling, tooling and processing cost are considered as early as possible in the design of the plastic part. When used effectively, CAE methods provide enormous cost and time savings for the part design and manufacturing. These tools allow engineers to virtually test how the part will be processed and how it performs during its normal operating life. The material supplier, designer, moulder and manufacturer should apply these tools concurrently early in the design stage of the plastic parts in order to exploit the cost benefit of CAE. CAE makes it possible to replace traditional, sequential decisionmaking procedures with a concurrent design process, in which all parties can interact and share information, Figure 3. For plastic injection moulding, CAE and related design data provide an integrated environment that facilitates concurrent engineering for the design and manufacture of the part and mould, as well as material selection and simulation of optimal process control parameters.Qualitative expense parison associated with the part design changes is shown in Figure 4 , showing the fact that when design changes are done at an early stages on the puter screen, the cost associated with is an order of times lower than that if the part is in production. These modifications in plastic parts could arise fr om mould modifications, such as gate location, thickness changes, production delays, quality costs, machine setup times, or design change in plastic parts. Figure 4 Cost of design changes during part product development cycle (Rios , 2001) At the early design stage, part designers and moulders have to finalise part design based on their experiences with similar parts. However as the parts bee more plex, it gets rather difficult to predict processing and part performance without the use of CAE tools. Thus for even relatively plex parts, the use of CAE tools to prevent the late and expensive design changesand problems that can arise during and after injection. For the successful implementation of concurrent engineering, there must be buyin from everyone involved. 5. Case Study Figure 5 shows the initial CAD design of plastics part used for the sprinkler irrigation hydrant leg. One of the essential features of the part is that the part has to remain flat after injection。這兩個工具幫助設(shè)計(jì)師和模具制造商生產(chǎn)良好的產(chǎn)品,更好的交付和更快的模具用較少的時間和金錢。作為失真和陶瓷注射后的部分,至關(guān)重要的是,從功能的角度,它必須被保持在最低水平,同樣也使用軟件里面分析。一批料中加入了不同取向的部分如圖5 b。為成功實(shí)施并行工程,必須有歸屬感從人人參與。這些改變可能發(fā)生在塑料部件模具的改變,如澆口位置、厚度變化、生產(chǎn)延遲,質(zhì)量成本、機(jī)械安裝時間,或是設(shè)計(jì)變更在塑料部件。這些工具幾乎讓工程師測試部分處理它在其正常使用壽命表現(xiàn)怎樣。所有這些活動是傳統(tǒng)上由部分設(shè)計(jì)和模具制作人員按注射模順序的方式完成后塑料部件的設(shè)計(jì)。此外,如果一個模具用于產(chǎn)生一個項(xiàng)目,而因此自動設(shè)計(jì)對固有限制在一開始就相處得很好。CE要求工程師考慮生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展階段。一個并行工程的方法是基于五個關(guān)鍵要素:過程多學(xué)科小組綜合設(shè)計(jì)模型設(shè)施軟件基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施圖3的方法對塑料注射模設(shè)計(jì),工程b)串并行工程 在塑料模具制造業(yè)、CE是很重要的,由于高成本加工和長交貨期。(1997)提出了一種系統(tǒng)的方法關(guān)于注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)的知識庫和并行工程環(huán)境。一流的公司,它是60 80%(湯普森,1996)。對大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品來說,這兩個優(yōu)勢是戲劇性的。圖1的注射模CAE分析部分 許多公司的經(jīng)理人現(xiàn)在體會部署新產(chǎn)品推向市場迅速發(fā)展是多么的重要。切削材料已經(jīng)證明了驚人的表現(xiàn)而不使用任何的剪切/冷卻液,什么都沒有。 模具加工的前身是手工制作,如檢查每一剪機(jī)床維修工。在注入條件規(guī)定,充型、纖維取向、固化和熱歷史、收縮和翹曲變形等情況進(jìn)行仿真。它還定義了焊縫的位置、面積過大的壓力,以及如何影響墻壁和肋厚度流動。 在所有方面的成型過程中需要滿足塑料部分設(shè)置的公差,包括零件的尺寸和形狀,樹脂的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)、填料使用,模具型腔布置、澆注、模具冷卻并釋放機(jī)制使用。在可能性的設(shè)計(jì)、理念設(shè)計(jì)師，給工程師們機(jī)會去消除潛在的問題,開始真正的生產(chǎn)。一個好的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)為了滿足市場其制造過程是不可能太貴的。這是普遍用于制造復(fù)雜的制件,優(yōu)點(diǎn)是簡單、經(jīng)濟(jì)、準(zhǔn)確與少浪費(fèi)。這允許快速模擬實(shí)習(xí),幫助找到模具的最佳位置。關(guān)鍵詞:塑料注射模設(shè)計(jì)、并行工程、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程、成型條件、塑料注塑、流動模擬簡介 注塑模具總是昂貴的,不幸的是沒有模具就不可能生產(chǎn)模具制品。 介紹了注射模具的基本結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。產(chǎn)品開發(fā)經(jīng)歷了從傳統(tǒng)的串行開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)制造到有組織的并行設(shè)計(jì)和制造過程中,被認(rèn)為是在非常早期的階段的設(shè)計(jì)。其中最受歡迎的制作過程是注塑塑料零件。注塑模具的設(shè)計(jì)對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和效率的產(chǎn)品加工非常重要。并行工程的概念(CE)不再是新的,但它仍然是適用于當(dāng)今的相關(guān)環(huán)境。在該系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上,模具設(shè)計(jì)公司分析注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)過程。每一個模具制造商都有他/她自己的方法來設(shè)計(jì)模具,有許多不同的設(shè)計(jì)與建造模具。工程師可以在電腦上執(zhí)行成型試驗(yàn)前完成零件設(shè)計(jì)。塑料零件的批量生產(chǎn)主要采用模具。CAD/CAM整合了過程仿真、快速成形制造能減少風(fēng)險,進(jìn)一步提高產(chǎn)品開發(fā)的有效性。此外,在虛擬環(huán)境中,