【正文】 程序設(shè)計方法學(xué)還涉及程序推導(dǎo)、程序綜合、程序設(shè)計自動化研究、并發(fā)程序設(shè)計、分布式程序設(shè)計、函數(shù)式程序設(shè)計、語義學(xué)、程序邏輯、形式化規(guī)格說明和公理化系統(tǒng)等課題。軟件工程要求程序設(shè)計規(guī)范化，建立新的原則和技術(shù)。其基本內(nèi)容是：結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計，程序理論在程序設(shè)計技術(shù)中的應(yīng)用，以及規(guī)格說明和變換技術(shù)。作為一套完整特定的程序設(shè)計方法所構(gòu)成的體系（第二種含義），如邏輯式程序設(shè)計方法學(xué)、函數(shù)式程序設(shè)計方法學(xué)、對象式程序設(shè)計方法學(xué)等。譯文2 Program Designing MethodProgramming is a method to study the subject, it is not only the study of the various specific ways, but also focusing on specific ways in mon, the overall situation involving a standardized approach, and these methods showed that the background and theoretical foundation. Another meaning is the system is for a particular area or a certain area of a particular type of problem, and it is the use of a set of specific procedures.As a subject (the first meaning), the programming method can give the program designers the specific procedures for design guide, but the specific programming method will affect the quality of the procedure designed by the designer. Therefore, the programming method of research is very important. As plete and specific programming meaning, such as the logic of programming methodology, functional process design methodology, targetstyle design methodology, and other procedures. They have their own advantages and disadvantages, with specific areas, specific issues and the specific environmentrelated. Program design methodology goal is to design a reliable and easy to read and reasonable price for the procedure. Program design methodologies, including procedures theory, developed technology to support environmental, engineering standards and design topics such as automatic procedures and make the design process more scientific and engineering. The basic elements are: structural design process。按照結(jié)構(gòu)化程序設(shè)計的觀點，任何算法功能都可以通過由程序模塊組成的三種基本程序結(jié)構(gòu)的組合：順序結(jié)構(gòu)、選擇結(jié)構(gòu)和循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)來實現(xiàn)。2008, (16): 7880.[11] 徐大偉. 基于MVC和iBatis的創(chuàng)新教育網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺的實現(xiàn)[J]. 長春大學(xué)學(xué)報, 2009, 19(12): 7073.[12] 孫衛(wèi)琴. 精通Struts: 基于MVC的Java Web設(shè)計與開發(fā)[M]. 北京: 電子工業(yè)出版社, 2006: 56103.[13] 魯?shù)轮? 杜大鵬. 編程邏輯與結(jié)構(gòu)化程序設(shè)計[M]. 北京: 中國水利水電出版社. 2004: 36192.[14] 潘大四. 基于數(shù)據(jù)綁定技術(shù)構(gòu)建Flex組件的XML數(shù)據(jù)源[J]. 電腦知識與技術(shù). 2007.[15] 施汝軍. 網(wǎng)站JSP的后臺解決方案[M]. 北京: 人民郵電出版社, 2000: 2689.[16] 薩師煊, 王珊. 數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)概論[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社. 1991: 58198.附 錄譯文1 Structured Programming MethodStructured programming method:1. Topdown2. Gradually thinning3. Modular design4. Structured codingStructural design process from Dykstra (E. W. Dijkstra) in 1969 suggested that a modular design for the center. The development of the software system is divided into several independent modules, such a module to plete the work of each variable Simple and clear, it will give some of the larger design software a good foundation.As modules are independent, so we designed one module, other modules will not be involved, thus the original more plex issue of the SR modules for a range of simple design. Modules for the independence of the expansion of existing systems, the establishment of the new system bring a lot of convenience. These existing modules can act as the base.In accordance with the structure of the program design point of view, any algorithm functions can be adopted by the process modules of the three basic structure of the portfolio process: the order structure, the selection structure and the circulation structure.Structured program design is the basic idea of a “topdown, gradually refining” the program design methods and the “single entranceexit” of the control structure. Topdown, gradually refining the design process from the issue itself, through progressive refinement, the steps will divide the problem the basic process of deposition modules diagram of the structure of the process。選擇上面的知識地圖管理模塊下的查看知識，所有的數(shù)據(jù)都可以在這里找到，你可以進(jìn)行增、刪、改、查、過濾數(shù)據(jù)、分頁等操作。// 回調(diào)函數(shù)獲得后臺DoExecute方法的返回結(jié)果public function handleResult2(event:ResultEvent):void {disarr2 = ArrayCollection()。(subCat)。 i++){var subCat:Category = new Category( )。return。 i 。var tmpArr:Array = new Array( )。 }if((openingItem as Category). !=1 ||(openingItem as Category).subCats[0] != ) { return。( + is opened)。import 。import 。import 。視圖可以以多種方式分解：通過要顯示的數(shù)據(jù)、執(zhí)行的函數(shù)、用戶角色、可用性、狀態(tài)等等。public function KnowledgeVo(_nodeName: String,_nodeId: String,_children:ArrayCollection = null){ = _nodeName。package vo {import 。) as updateTimeFROM KM_MAP_STRUCT_T Kdynamic prepend = WHEREisNotEmpty prepend = AND property = nodeId = nodeId/isNotEmptyisNotEmpty prepend = AND property = parentNodeId = parentNodeId/isNotEmpty/dynamicORDER BY ITEM_INDEX/select/sqlMap 表現(xiàn)層的實現(xiàn)表示層位于Web應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的頂端，主要負(fù)責(zé)接受客戶端發(fā)送來的請求，將請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給業(yè)務(wù)層處理，并將業(yè)務(wù)層處理結(jié)果返回給客戶端。?xml version = encoding = UTF8?!DOCTYPE sqlMap PUBLIC //sqlMap namespace = KnowledgeMaptypeAlias alias = KnowledgeMapNodetype = /select id = getAllKnowledgeMapNodes resultClass = KnowledgeMapNodeSELECT as nodeId, as parentNodeId, as nodeName, as nodeIndex, as nodeType, as nodePath, as nodeDesc, as updateUserId, to_char(, 39。首先配置了系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的環(huán)境。這樣當(dāng)需要增加新的業(yè)務(wù)時，只要給它傳入不同的數(shù)據(jù)源（DataProvider）即可，大大增強了頁面架構(gòu)的通用性。控制層設(shè)計控制器組件負(fù)責(zé)接受用戶請求，調(diào)用合適的業(yè)務(wù)對象來執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯，然后根據(jù)當(dāng)前狀態(tài)和業(yè)務(wù)邏輯執(zhí)行結(jié)果，客戶端組件的DataProvider與這些返回的數(shù)據(jù)綁定，所以當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)有變化后，會自動刷新用戶界面。 表現(xiàn)層設(shè)計表示層位于Web應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的頂端，主要負(fù)責(zé)接受客戶端發(fā)送來的請求，將請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給業(yè)務(wù)層處理，并將業(yè)務(wù)層處理結(jié)果返回給客戶端。如果要對HttpSession中存放的對象進(jìn)行持久化，那么此對象所屬的域?qū)ο箢愡€必須實現(xiàn)Serializable（序列化）接口。用戶只需要面對域?qū)ο螅ㄒ布匆话闼f的POJO），數(shù)據(jù)庫對用戶來說是完全透明的。持久性域?qū)ο螅―omain Object）是介于具體應(yīng)用和數(shù)據(jù)庫之間的一層數(shù)據(jù)，負(fù)責(zé)應(yīng)用和數(shù)據(jù)庫之間的交互。使用域模型層可以省去開發(fā)人員創(chuàng)建和維護(hù)本不必要的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸對象（Data Transfer Objects，DTO）來完成各層之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞。其中，面向關(guān)系的數(shù)據(jù)模型用于描述關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)的靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，通常由關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫實現(xiàn)。在開發(fā)過程中恰當(dāng)?shù)亟o應(yīng)用程序分層，能極大地提高應(yīng)用程序的伸縮性、可維護(hù)性、可擴(kuò)展性、可重用性、可管理性等性能。層與層之間存在自上而下的依賴關(guān)系，即上層組件會訪問下層組件的API，而下層組件不應(yīng)該依賴上層組件。如圖所示，系統(tǒng)采用Flex實現(xiàn)表現(xiàn)層，Spring實現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)服務(wù)層，iBATIS實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)持久層，Spring IoC容器實現(xiàn)了層與層之間的松散耦合，其中Flex表示層和Spring業(yè)務(wù)層主要是基于Remote Object服務(wù)來融合的。知識共享平臺是一門龐大和復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的功能職