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【正文】 被動語態(tài)用法:⑴動作執(zhí)行者未知; ⑵動作執(zhí)行者無需指出;⑶強調(diào)或側(cè)重動作承受者; ⑷出于禮貌。 口訣:所有的從句都是陳述句式,特別需注意由直接引語變間接引語時的變化。eg:My teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.”→ My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.Lesson 135 –136 間接引語中情態(tài)動詞的變化將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的動詞時態(tài)倒移過程中,情態(tài)動詞同樣也要相應的變化。eg: (原句)The men who are repairing the road make all that noise. (復合句) (省略) The men repairing the road make all that noise. (簡單句)Lesson 131 情態(tài)動詞表推測 (過去) be , can not be (表示對有根據(jù)的推論之外),還可用 主+ may be 或 主 +may+V原形(表示一種可能性) have been , con not have been 外還可用 may have been 例如:①Hemay be tall ,I am not sure . He may be doing his homework ,I am not sure . He may go home . ②. He may have been a manager.  Lesson 125 must與have to mustHave to定義必須、強調(diào)主觀必要性不得不、強調(diào)客觀情況性質(zhì)情態(tài)動詞,沒有人稱、數(shù)與時態(tài)的變化含有情態(tài)的固定短語,具有have 的各種時態(tài)搭配must + tohave to/has to do/had to do變疑① Must提句首② 肯定回答 must,否定回答needn’t① 須根據(jù)have具體時態(tài)選擇助動詞② 用什么提問,用什么回答變否① mustn’t表示絕對禁止,不該/不能② needn’t (直接代替must)表示沒必要,等同于not have to須根據(jù)have具體時態(tài)選擇助動詞的否定形式Lesson 127 情態(tài)動詞表推測 一 (目前/將來)① 肯定:主 + must be + 表對目前狀態(tài)的猜測 eg: The man must be Tom. + ving 對正在進行的動作猜測 eg: He must be watching TV.must may might (減弱) ② 否定:主 + can’t be + + 表對目前狀態(tài)的猜測 + ving對正在進行的動作猜測eg:The play can’t be wonderful He can’t be at home now.can’t may not might not (減弱)Lesson 129 情態(tài)動詞表推測 二 (過去)1. 肯定:主 + must have been have done eg:They must have been waiting for the bus then . They must have gone out. 否定: 主語+ can’t have been have done eg:They cannot have been waiting for the bus then . They cannot have gone out.第12單元 語法一點通(L133~144)Lesson 133 –134 需改變時態(tài)的間接引語當主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時態(tài),則間接引語的時態(tài)通常要“往回移”。雖然在定語從句中做賓語成分,但仍要置于主句與從句之間。2. 構成:主+had done (done 指所有動詞的過去分詞)3. 特點:肯定是復合句,兩個句子前后是兩個動作,一個用一般過去時,另一個用過去完成時(先發(fā)生)。Lesson 113 A的情況也適合B肯:So + 助/be/情 + B Tom is a teacher. So is Lily. = Lily is a teacher, too. Tom can swim. So can Lily. Tom likes singing. So does Lily. 否:Neither + 助/be/情 + B Tom isn’t a teacher. Neither is Lily. Tom 不是老師,Lily也不是。 例:He is the tallest in our class.② 限定范圍也可用從句。② 如果形容詞原級詞尾是不發(fā)音的字母r,加er或est后,r發(fā)/r/音③ 如果形容詞原級詞末發(fā)/?/音,加er或est后,/?/音后得加一個/g/音原級比較級最高級tall /tЭ:l/taller /`tЭ:l?/tallest /tЭ:list/healthy /`helθi/healthier /`helθi?/healthiest /helθist/short /∫Э: t/shorter /`∫Э:t?/shortest /`∫Э:tist/不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級strong /strЭ?/stronger /`strЭ?g?/strongest /`strЭ?gist/long /lЭ?/longer /`lЭ?g?/longest /`lЭ?gist/原級比較級最高級good好。形容詞原來的形式稱為原級。② 介詞“to”置于名詞,代詞或名詞短語之前,構成介詞短語。 ② 口訣:A. 前肯后否,前否后肯 B. 回答:用事實說話(焦點訪談)③ 技巧:;(含系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞可直接引用,若為實義動詞則須根據(jù)時態(tài)加do, does或did. 注意:當陳述句部分是否定句時,回答“yes”是不,”No”為是是的.例:It isn’t a fine day, is it? 今天天氣不好,是嗎? Yes, it is. 不,很好. No. it isn’t. 是的,天氣不好.Lesson 103 Very、Too與enough的用法1. very (非常、很),常用于正面肯定態(tài)度。 (主系+賓從) He+ is afraid/ is sorry/ is sure +(that) +賓從 注:賓語是一個句子, that后接一個完整句子,在整句話中充當賓語。名詞性物主代詞具有名詞性質(zhì),能擔任名詞的各種功能,同時也能擔任名詞of屬格的功能:①形容詞性物主代詞無獨立性,后面必須跟名詞。 next month3. in + 一般時間① in+(一段時間)’s+ time (或in+一段時間) in two hours’ time= in two hours。 eg: (肯) They have lived here for ten years. (疑) Have they lived here for ten years? (否) They haven’t lived here for ten years.2. 現(xiàn)在完成時在由肯定句變?yōu)橐蓡?否定句時,句內(nèi)時間副詞也要發(fā)生相應的變化。2. have/ has gone to 主語尚未回來(gone為go的過去分詞)eg: I have been to Beijing.(已回來) 我去過北京。 eg: Have a cigarette! 抽支煙吧! I’m having a drink. 我在喝酒。(3) much 疑問、否定句。 構成:①一般由adj + ly eg: loud + ly loudly ②輔音+ y的變y為i, 加ly. eg: thirsty thirstily ③adj本身做adv eg: hard, fast, late 等 ④adv短語 eg: very well very much ⑤例外情況: friendly, lovely等為adj.(為少數(shù))Lesson 75 一般過去時及時間狀語一 一般過去時與表示確切的過去時間短語連用常見:last系列;ago系列;in+過去時間; yesterday系列等(1) last week/ year/ night eg: Did you watch TV last night?(2) three days/ ten minutes/ an hour ago eg: I met her three days ago.(3) We first met her in 1990/2005.(4) We swept the floor the day before yesterday./ yesterday …….Lesson 7778 否定疑問句1. 表示說話者驚奇的情緒、口吻或贊嘆,或表示說話者某種建議、邀請、請求或看法等。: help yourself to …請隨便吃 enjoy oneself …玩的高興,過的愉快 leave one by oneself …把某人單獨留下 all by oneself 獨自地,孤獨地Lesson 67①.absent be absent from 缺席 ②.spend: spend+ 。 c. 情態(tài)動詞后跟動詞原形。 The children go to school by car every day. ①  ②   ?、邸??、? 漢語的翻譯習慣和英語是不一樣的, (方式\地點\時間)一定要先找到主語(人),第二部找謂語動詞(+賓語),然后是其他的,均為狀語(方式狀語, 地點狀語, 時間狀語), 時間狀語可放于句末或句首, 時間由小到大排序,地點由小到大.2. 用參考譯文練習句子結構。結構:主+系+表(表壯態(tài))/主+謂+賓(表動作)第5單元 語法一點通 (L49~60)Lesson 49 一般現(xiàn)在時(三單情況)1. 三單概念:⑴ he she it (三單人稱) ⑵ Lily Mary (一個姓名) ⑶ a book (一個物)2. 口訣:主語是三單,謂語+s3. I like English. → He likes English. I don’t like Chinese. → He doesn’t like Chinese. Do you like Maths? → Does he like Maths? Yes, I do. → Yes, he does. No, I don’t. → No, he doesn’t.4. 口訣:否定句中的“也”用either. I like English, too. I don’t like Tom, either.5. 總結:變否定句和疑問句時⑴句中有be/情可在其后直接+ n
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