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2025-06-22 02:35 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 s sleep may improve depressive symptoms, with the effects usually showing up within a day. This effect is usually temporary. Besides sleepiness, this method can cause a side effect of mania or hypomania.In observational studies smoking cessation has benefits in depression as large as or larger than those of medicationsRangeMajor depressive disorder affects approximately 253s family, work or school life, sleeping or eating habits, and general health. Between 27% of adults with major depression die by suicide, and up to 60% of people who die by suicide had depression or another mood disorder.The cause is believed to be a bination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors include a family history of the condition, major life changes, certain medications, chronic health problems, and substance 40% of the risk appears to be related to genetics .The diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based on the person39。s reported experiences and a mental status examination. There is no laboratory test for major depression. Testing, however, may be done to rule out physical conditions that can cause similar depression should be differentiated from sadness which is a normal part of life and is less United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) remends screening for depression among those over the age 12, while a prior Cochrane review found insufficient evidence for screening.Typically, people are treated with counselling and antidepressant appears to be effective, but the effect may only be significant in the most severely depressed. It is unclear whether medications affect the risk of suicide. Types of counselling used include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy. If other measures are not effective electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be tried. Hospitalization may be necessary in cases with a risk of harm to self and may occasionally occur against a person39。million people in 2013 (% of the global population).The percentage of people who are affected at one point in their life varies from 7% in Japan to 21% in most countries the number of people who have depression during their lives falls within an 8–18% range. In North America, the probability of having a major depressive episode within a yearlong period is 3–5% for males and 8–10% for depression to be about twice as mon in women as in men, although it is unclear why this is so, and whether factors unaccounted for are contributing to this. The relativ
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