【正文】 ，向MCU階段發(fā)展的重要因素，就是尋求應用系統(tǒng)在芯片上的最大化解決；因此，專用單片機的發(fā)展自然形成了SOC化趨勢。從這一角度來看，Intel逐漸淡出MCU的發(fā)展也有其客觀因素?！皠?chuàng)新模式”獲得成功，奠定了SCM與通用計算機完全不同的發(fā)展道路。s intellectualized essence truly and grasp the intellectualized design the knowledge. Obtains from the study monolithic integrated circuit applied technology raises one of now puter application software and hardware technology talented person39。s demonstration function, may when starting display system selfchecking result, not when e on the line demonstrated each kind of readiness for action, the instrument moves when demonstrated the movement process, after end of job, might demonstrate the current result, the selfchecking result, the primary data, each kind of processing report form and so on. When unattended, may assign each kind of automatic movement function. The electron system39。s each kind of jobholders should change the modern electron system39。s absolute form and the function. The monolithic integrated circuit is pletely defers to the embedded system request design, therefore the monolithic integrated circuit is the most typical embedded system. The early monolithic integrated circuit is only according to the embedded applied technology request design puter single chip integration, therefore famous monolithic integrated circuit. Afterward, the monolithic integrated circuit to satisfy embedded strengthens its control function and the periphery interface function unceasingly using the request, particularly prominent control function, therefore internationally rectified names the monolithic integrated circuit for the micro controller (MCU, Microcontroller Unit). the Monolithic integrated circuit constitutes the modern electron system will bee mainstream electron system the monolithic integrated circuit will be the ponent level puter system, it may insert to any object system, realizes the intellectualized control. Slightly to miniature machinery, like wristwatch, hearing aid. The integrated device level39。s embedded application, the early embedded system for the generalpurpose calculator after the reequipping inserts to the object system39。s is also quite widespread in medical equipment domain application the in medical equipment use, for example medical lifesupport machine, each kind of analyzer, guardianship meter, ultrasound diagnosis equipment and hospital bed ringing system and so on.Certain specialpurpose monolithic integrated circuit design uses in each kind of largescale electric appliance39。s application the , may carry on the data munication very conveniently with the puter, for provided the extremely good physical conditions application between the puter network and munication facility39。s sensor, may realize such as physical quantity and so on voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, current capacity, speed, thickness, angle, length, degree of hardness, element, pressure surveys. Uses the monolithic integrated circuit control to cause the instruments and meters digitization, the intellectualization, the microminiaturization, and the function pares uses the electron or the digital circuit is more formidable. For example precise measurement equipment (dynamometer, oscilloscope, each kind of analyzer). May constitute various control system, the data acquisition system in industrial control39。s control, as well as program control toy, electronic pet and so on, these cannot leave the monolithic integrated circuit. Say nothing of automatic control domain robot, intelligent measuring appliance, medical instrument. Therefore, monolithic integrated circuit39。s network munication and the data transmission, the industrial automation process39。s application domainAt present the monolithic integrated circuit seeps each domain which lives to us, which domain was nearly very difficult to find not to have monolithic integrated circuit39。s on chip maximized solution。s best architecture. “the innovation pattern” obtains successfully, has established SCM and the generalpurpose calculator pletely different development path. In founds on the embedded system independent development path, Intel Corporation has lasting achievements. 2. MCU namely micro controller (Micro Controller Unit) the stage, the main technological development direction is: Expands unceasingly when satisfies the embedded application, the object system request39。學校是個令人難忘的地方，在這里的時間是我無法忘記的。本課題的研究探討以及論文撰寫一直都是在孫靜老師的細心指導下進行的，可以說其中的每個環(huán)節(jié)都傾注了孫靜老師的智慧和心血。致謝經(jīng)過幾個月的忙碌和工作，本次畢業(yè)設計已經(jīng)接近尾聲，作為一個本科生的畢業(yè)設計，由于經(jīng)驗的匱乏，難免有許多考慮不周的地方，如果沒有導師的督促指導。該報警器的最大特點就是使用戶能夠操作簡單、易懂、靈活；且安裝方便、智能性高、誤報率低。 報警狀態(tài)（3）打開開關S2，紅燈閃爍，進入緊急報警狀態(tài)。 報警溫度設定按鍵電路第5章 系統(tǒng)調試本設計通過利用Protel仿真，將所編寫的程序進行編譯，所仿真原理圖見附錄二所示。按下布防按鍵S2后，1分鐘后進入監(jiān)控狀態(tài)，當有人靠近時，熱釋紅外感應到信號，傳回給單片機，單片機馬上進行報警。當檢測到人體移動信號時，電荷信號經(jīng)過FET放大后，經(jīng)過C2，R1的穩(wěn)壓后使輸出變?yōu)楦唠娢?，再?jīng)過NPN的轉化，輸出OUT為低電平。晶振采用12MHZ。當報警延遲10s一段時間后自動解除，也可人工手動解除報警信號，當警情消除后復位電路使系統(tǒng)復位，或者是在聲光報警10s鐘后有定時器實現(xiàn)自動消除報警。整個系統(tǒng)是在系統(tǒng)軟件控制下工作的。單片機應用系統(tǒng)也是有硬件和軟件組成。第4章 系統(tǒng)硬件電路設計 總體設計思路本設計硬件模塊劃分為數(shù)據(jù)采集、鍵盤控制、報警等子模塊。 使用說明：感應模塊通電后有一分鐘左右的初始化時間，在此期間模塊會間隔地輸出03次，一分鐘后進入待機狀態(tài)。(此時間可設置在零點幾秒)工作電壓范圍寬：。溫度補償：在夏天當環(huán)境溫度升高至30～32℃，探測距離稍變短，溫度補償可作一定的性能補償。需要說明的是:在每次接通電源時，傳感器要有幾秒到十幾秒的“預熱”時間，在這段時期內該傳感器不起作用。加裝菲涅爾透鏡可使傳感器的探測半徑從不足2m提高到至少8m范圍。熱釋電晶體自發(fā)極化強度隨溫度變化，使電極表面感應電荷發(fā)生變化。所以利用熱釋電探測器探測的紅外輻射必須經(jīng)過調制。如果在熱釋電晶體沿極化軸的端面裝上電極，那么自發(fā)極化在電極上感應的電荷量為：Q=APS （）當紅外輻射照射時，熱釋電晶體溫度升高，自發(fā)極化電晶體溫度升高，自發(fā)極化強度降低，因此電極表面上感應電荷減少，這相當于“釋放”了一部分電荷，因此稱之為熱釋電現(xiàn)象。溫度超過居里溫度，鐵電體發(fā)生變化，從極化晶體變?yōu)榉菢O化晶體，極化強度變?yōu)榱?。在管殼的頂部設有慮光鏡（TO－5封裝）。、電路圖。所以如果能量出物體的輻射功率，則可確定它的溫度。 紅外測溫原理紅外測溫是通過探測物體表面發(fā)射的能量來測量其溫度，由物理學可知，處于絕對溫度（－℃）以上的任何物體，都要釋放熱能，而紅外輻射溫度計測量其中與溫度有關波長范圍內的熱能，并將其轉換與溫度成比例的電信號，由此測出其溫度。熱釋電元件的工作原理是基于熱釋電效應，即在強電介質溫度變化ΔP的自然極化的存在，此時傳感器有電信號輸出，晶體的這種性質被稱為熱釋電極或熱釋電效應。非接觸測溫技術的意義是顯而易見的。（2）測溫范圍寬。它能以非接觸形式檢測出人體輻射的紅外線能量的變化，并將其轉換成電壓信號輸出。：振蕩器的反相放大器輸入，內部時鐘工作電路的輸入。為了確保單片機從地址為0000H～FFFFH的外部程序存儲器中讀取代碼，故要把EA接到GND端，即地端。它用于讀外部程序存儲器。但是，在對外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器每次存取中，會跳過一個ALE脈沖。：地址鎖存允許信號。在振蕩器運行時，在此腳上出現(xiàn)兩個機器周期的高電平將使其單片機復位。P3口作輸入口使用時，因為有內部的上拉電阻，那些被外部信號拉低的引腳會輸出一個電流。在訪問外部程序存儲器或16位的外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器時，P2口送出高8位地址，在訪問8位地址的外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器時，P2口引腳上的內容（就是專用