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7700) and viscositymodifying admixture (VMA) (Rheomac VMA 362) were used to adjust the workability of SCC mixtures. Sieving analyses were performed on all four aggregates used in the study according to ASTM C136 (Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates).[24] Gradation curves of all four different kinds of aggregate are shown in Figure 2. Fineness modulus of manufactured sand, silica sand, and FRCA were calculated as , , and , respectively. Specific gravities and absorptions of aggregates were measured based on ASTM C127 (Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density [Specific Gravity] [25], and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate) and ASTM C128 (Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density [Specific Gravity], and Absorption of Fine Aggregate) [26], respectively, and the results are shown in Table 2. It should be noted that due to the high amount of residualhardened cement paste, FRCA has much higher absorption (%) and relatively lowspecific gravity paring to manufactured sand and silica sand.. Mix proportions Two series of SCC mixes as shown in Table 3 were prepared in this study. With series A contains class C fly ash and series B contains only portland cement as cementitious material. The watertocement ratio of series A was and the watertobinder ratio was 。 recycled aggregate。22:1963–1971.[39] Henkensiefken R, Bentz D, Nantung T, Weiss J. Volume change and cracking in internally cured mixtures made with saturated lightweight aggregate under sealed and unsealed conditions. Cem. . 2009。 2000, Orlando FL.[35] American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Annual book of ASTM standards, ASTM C3904 standard test method for pressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. West Conshohocken (PA): ASTM International。 2012.[31] European Federation of National Associations Representing Producers and Applicators of Specialist Building Products for Concrete (EFNARC). Specification and guidelines for selfpacting concrete. Farnham (UK): EFNARC Association House。 2012.[27] American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Annual book of ASTM standards,ASTM C19212 standard practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the laboratory. West Conshohocken (PA): ASTM International。2012.[23] American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Annual book of ASTM standards, ASTM C61812 standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural Pozzolan for use in concrete.West Conshohocken (PA): ASTM International。306–307:1084–1087, .[20] Liu Q, Cen G, Cai L, Wu Y, Wu H, Liu X. Study and application of the selfpacting recycled pavement concrete of high early strength. Appl. . 2012。 2011, Malacca, Malaysia.[16] Fakitsas CG, Papakonstantinou PEA, Kiousis PD, Savva A. Effects of recycled concrete aggregates on the pressive and shear strength of highstrength selfconsolidating concrete. J. Mater. . 2012。24:1129–1133.[14] Kou SC, Poon CS. Properties of selfpacting concrete prepared with coarse and fine recycled concrete aggregate. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2009。23:2866–2877.[10] Corinaldesi V, Moriconi G. Environmentallyfriendly selfpacting concrete for rehabilitation of concrete structures, excellence in concrete construction through innovation – Proceedings of the International Conference on Concrete Construction。29:387–401.[6] Evangelista L, de Brito J. Durability performance of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates. Cem. . 2010。1:5–15.[2] Lauritzen EK. The global challenge for recycled concrete, International Symposium Sustainable Construction: Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate。4. 抗壓強度和干燥收縮試驗表明用FRCA制成的 SCC具有良好的性能。良好的抗離析性已被VSI測試與混凝土圓柱體的垂直橫截面的觀察證實。在坍流,J環(huán),V型漏斗,L盒,和VSI測試與流變測量的基礎(chǔ)上,評估了SCC新拌混凝土的性能。有興趣的話,要注意作為替換細骨料的100%比例的FRCA所制成的混合物,這種混合物具有高坍流,低阻塞率,和高穩(wěn)定性,是非常有發(fā)展前途的新拌混凝土。這種相似的現(xiàn)象很可能是由于較高的收縮率,高糊劑的成分和細骨料內(nèi)部固化的組合效應(yīng)。[ 14]這種現(xiàn)象可能歸因于FRCA的高吸收率,可通過內(nèi)部的固化過程提供水分。結(jié)果表明,在這項研究中,混合物的收縮率一般不是很高,這是由于混合物的低水膠比率。 所有混合物的壓縮強度測定的時間為28天,其結(jié)果被總結(jié)在圖12中。 從流變學測試的結(jié)果也表明,從A系列的混合物的粘度,即與B系列混合物相比,粉煤灰顯示出了輕微較高的粘度,這可能是由于在混合物中使用的膠凝材料總量較高的原因。所有負值的屈服應(yīng)力,因此被視為屈服應(yīng)力為零。流變學參數(shù),例如,屈服應(yīng)力和粘度,是確保SCC混合物設(shè)計成功的最重要的參數(shù)之一。從前人研究中,比較坍流實驗結(jié)果T50,和L盒測試的結(jié)果,由于不同材料的使用導致新鮮的SCC性能改變,目前的研究結(jié)果與其他含粗和/或細再生骨料的SCC混合物一樣。另一方面,V型漏斗試驗表明,除了一種混合物(A FRCA75),其他所有混合物都表現(xiàn)出了良好的傳遞能力,因為T V小于12秒。J環(huán)流量和坍流流量之間的差異,在本文中描述成“流量差”,是通過鋼筋被限制的SCC的程度的一種跡象。結(jié)果表明,較B系列來說,A系列(粉煤灰的混合物)的 T50一般較高,這表明其具有較高的粘度,然而兩個系列中,不同百分比的FRCA,影響得出的T 50的趨勢是不同的。 圖 10. 干燥收縮試樣 坍落度試驗測試了SCC的流動性。2℃(73177。除了抗壓強度試驗,參照ASTM C157(硬化液壓水泥砂漿和混凝土長度變化的標準測試方法),[36]干燥收縮試驗是用來評估混凝土干燥收縮方面FRCA的效果。混凝土圓柱體被放置在標準養(yǎng)護室,澆筑后由ASTM C192 [27]可證實。[32]在使用手冊中,可以找到此移動設(shè)備的的詳細信息。該軟件計算出了最佳擬合線的數(shù)據(jù),并用截距和斜率作為相對參數(shù)。每一個的速度運行時間為5秒。流量特性曲線的測試程序由預剪切期間和試驗期間組成,如圖9(a)所示。 如圖8所示,ICAR流變儀由容納新拌混凝土的容器,一個帶電動馬達和扭矩計的驅(qū)動頭,通過卡盤上的驅(qū)動程序啟動的四葉葉片,將附加驅(qū)動/葉片裝配到所述容器頂部的構(gòu)架,和一臺筆記本電腦操作的驅(qū)動程序組成,需要在測試過程中記錄扭矩,并計算流量參數(shù)。[32]人們普遍認為,新拌混凝土的流動性能可以通過兩參數(shù)的關(guān)系來表示,即Bingham模型,此關(guān)系用方程式將屈服應(yīng)力和塑性粘度表示為: (1) 參數(shù)是剪應(yīng)變率,參數(shù)是剪切應(yīng)力。表 4. SCC的一般驗收標準 (ACI 2007。V型漏斗試驗的目的是測定新拌混凝土的流動性和傳遞能力。用L框試驗,可以測試得到垂直部分的混凝土高度h1,水平部分混凝土的高度h2,混凝土到達水平部分的終點的時間T。在圖5中可以找到,不同等級VSI的混合物試驗。[29]一般大于50毫米(2 英寸)的差值表示其傳遞能力差。[30]這種測試方法提供了一個程序,即通過J環(huán)測試與坍落度試驗的組合來確定混凝土的傳遞能力。測試設(shè)備包括一個標準的坍落度筒和900毫米900毫米( 英寸)的不銹鋼板。在攪拌過程中,粗骨料首先被導入混合容器,并且與將近一半的水一起攪拌30秒。表中使用的大量骨料為飽和、干燥的骨料。表1. 水泥和粉煤灰的化學成分和物理性能氧化物(%) 水泥 粉煤灰SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 虧損 成色 (M2/kg) 433 NA比重 NA 圖 1. 用于研究的FRCA 圖2. 骨料的粒徑分布表 2. 骨料比重和吸收骨料類型 比重(OD) 比重(SSD) 吸收率(%) 細度模數(shù)粉碎石灰石