外文翻譯---高層建筑及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)-wenkub.com
2025-01-15 14:58 本頁面
【正文】 在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，應(yīng)盡可能經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用地選擇合理的形式。盡管這樣，混凝土框架設(shè)計(jì)還是既實(shí)用又經(jīng)濟(jì)的。因此，很多人認(rèn)為它不具備鋼框架所具備的超載能力。因此，框架結(jié)構(gòu)常被視為最好的高層抗震結(jié)構(gòu)型式。同時(shí)它還能充分利用建筑物內(nèi)在任何情況下都要采用的梁和柱的剛度，但當(dāng)柱子與梁剛性連接時(shí)，通過框架受彎來抵抗水平和豎向荷載會(huì)使這些柱子的承載能力變得更大。還要求由這些結(jié)構(gòu)分體系提供的剛度在各個(gè)方向上應(yīng)大體對(duì)稱。不過在這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中存在的一個(gè)問題是，如何保證在門洞口和其他孔洞的強(qiáng)度。從強(qiáng)度和變形控制角度來說，桁架有著很好的功效，并且管道可以在構(gòu)件之間穿過。如果所有外部剪力墻連續(xù)都連接起來，整個(gè)建筑物就像是一個(gè)筒體，即是精良的剪力墻系統(tǒng)，將會(huì)具有很強(qiáng)的抵抗水平荷載和抵抗扭矩的能力。因此有必要經(jīng)常在兩個(gè)相互垂直的方向設(shè)置剪力墻，或者在盡可能多的方向布置，以用來抵抗各個(gè)方向的側(cè)向荷載。例如，住宅樓需要很多隔墻，如果這些隔墻都設(shè)計(jì)為實(shí)體的，那么他們可以起到剪力墻的作用，既能抵抗側(cè)向荷載，又能承受豎向荷載。應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是，所有高層建筑的本質(zhì)都是由地面支撐的懸臂結(jié)構(gòu)。但僅僅通過豎向構(gòu)件進(jìn)行抗剪是不經(jīng)濟(jì)的，因?yàn)槭怪傲河凶銐虻目箯澞芰?，比用墻或斜撐需要更多材料和施工工程量。例如，增加較低層柱以及連接大梁的翼緣截面，將可直接減少側(cè)向位移和增加抗彎能力，而不會(huì)加大上層樓面的質(zhì)量，否則，地震問題將會(huì)（因樓層質(zhì)量增加）被加劇。但是這項(xiàng)措施必須保證加寬后的豎向承重構(gòu)件非常有效地連接才能收到切實(shí)利益。在地震荷載作用下，上層樓體的附加質(zhì)量的增加將會(huì)使整體側(cè)向荷載劇增。用于抵抗側(cè)向荷載的材料數(shù)量要求更重要。不幸的是，對(duì)于高層建筑首先要解決的不僅僅是抗剪問題，比其更重要的還有抵抗力矩和抵抗變形問題。地震荷載產(chǎn)生的效應(yīng)更為明顯。關(guān)鍵詞： 高層建筑 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 框架 剪力墻 抗震體系概 述高層建筑的豎向構(gòu)件從上到下逐層對(duì)累積的重力和荷載進(jìn)行傳遞，這就要有較大尺寸的柱體或者墻體來進(jìn)行承載。For example , the buildings geometry may be such that rigid frames can be used in one direction while shear walls may be used in the other direction。附錄： 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯院 （系） 建筑工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 土 木 工 程 班 級(jí) 070710班 姓 名 張 波 學(xué) 號(hào) 070710317 導(dǎo) 師 周 雪 峰 2011年 4月15日英文：HighRise Buildings and Structural DesignAbstract：It is difficult to define a highrise building . One may say that a lowrise building ranges from 1 to 2 stories . A mediumrise building probably ranges between 3 or 4 stories up to 10 or 20 stories or more . Although the basic principles of vertical and horizontal subsystem design remain the same for low , medium , or highrise buildings , when a building gets high the vertical subsystems bee a controlling problem for two reasons . Higher vertical loads will require larger columns , walls , and shafts . But , more significantly , the overturning moment and the shear deflections produced by lateral forces are much larger and must be carefully provided for .Key Words：HighRise Buildings Structural Design Framework Shear Seismic System IntroductionThe vertical subsystems in a highrise building transmit accumulated gravity load from story to story , thus requiring larger column or wall sections to support such loading . In addition these same vertical subsystems must transmit lateral loads , such as wind or seismic loads , to the foundations. However , in contrast to vertical load , lateral load effects on buildings are not linear and increase rapidly with increase in height . For example under wind load , the overturning moment at the base of buildings varies approximately as the square of a buildings may vary as the fourth power of buildings height , other things being equal. Earthquake produces an even more pronounced effect.When the structure for a lowor mediumrise building is designed for dead and live load , it is almost an inherent property that the columns , walls , and stair or elevator shafts can carry most of the horizontal forces . The problem is primarily shear resistance . Moderate addition bracing for rigid frames in“short”buildings can easily be provided by filling certain
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