【正文】 短話中說軍官要求5000磅金子和3000磅胡椒粉作為賠償，說明胡椒粉在那個(gè)時(shí)期非常珍貴。答案：Yes No They had to be imported. √ They were unaffordable for many people. √ They were used to preserve meat during the winter. √ They were believed to have medicinal properties. √ Their sale in public markets was closely regulated. √ 8. What two factors explain why medieval Europeans did not use spices to cover the taste of spoiled meat?解析：細(xì)節(jié)題，定位cover the taste of spoiled meat. 文中說如果人們可以買得起香料肯定可以買得起新鮮的肉，所以肉比香料便宜沒必要這樣做；另外有專門管賣變質(zhì)肉的警察，所以這種行為是被禁止的。s marketing professor might not be aware of the television study.Lecture 3 （學(xué)科分類——?dú)v史）Narrow：Listen to part of a conversation in an European history class.(6)In order to really study the social history of the Middle Ages, you have to understand the role of spices. Now, this might sound a little surprising, even a little strange. But what seem like little things now were back then actually rather big things. So first let’s define what a spice is. Technically speaking, a spice is part of an aromatic plant that is not a leaf or herb. Spices can e from tree bark like cinnamon, plant roots like ginger, flower buds like cloves. And in the Middle Ages. Europeans were familiar with lots of different spices, most important being pepper, cloves, ginger, cinnamon, maize and nutmeg. These spices literarily dominated the way Europeans lived for centuries, how they traded and even how they used their imaginations. So why this medieval fascination with spices? We can boil it down to there general ideas briefly. One was cost and rarity. Uh two was exotic taste and fragrance. And third, mysterious origins and kinds of mythical status.Now for cost and rarity, （7）spices aren’t native to Europe and they had to be imported. Spices only grew in the East Indies and of course transportation costs were astronomical. So spices were incredibly valuable even from the very beginning. （11）Here is an example. In 408 AD, the Gothic General who captured Rome demanded payment. He wanted 5000 pounds of gold among other things but he also wanted 3000 pounds of pepper. Maybe that would give you an idea of exactly where pepper stood at the time. By the Middle Ages, spices were regarded as so important and expensive they were used in diplomacy, as gifts by heads of state and ambassadors.Now for the taste. The diet then was relatively bland, pared to today’s. There wasn’t much variety. Especially the aristocracy who tended to eat a lot of meat, they were always looking for new ways to prepare it, new sources, new tastes and this is where spices came in. Now, this is a good point to mention one of the biggest myths about spices. （7）It’s monly said that medieval Europeans wanted spices to cover up the taste of spoiled meat. But this isn’t really true. （8）Anyone who had to worry about spoiled meat couldn’t afford spices in the first place. If you could afford spices, you could definitely afford fresh meat. We also have evidence that various medieval markets employed a kind of police to make sure that people did not sell spoiled food, and if you were caught doing it, you were subject to various fines, humiliating public punishments. So what actually was true was this: In order to have meat for the winter, people would preserve it in salt, not a spice. Spices actually aren’t very effective as preservatives. And throughout winter, they would eat salted meat, but the taste of the stuff could grow really boring and depressing after a while. So the cook started looking for new ways to improve the taste and spices were the answer, which brings us to mysterious origins and mythical status.Now the ancient Romans had a thriving spice trade and they sent their ships to the east and back. （9）But when Rome collapsed in the fifth century and the Middle Ages began, direct trade stopped, and so did that kind of handson knowledge of travel and geography. Spices now came by way of the trade routes with lots of intermediaries between the producer and the consumer. So these spices took on an air of mystery. Their origins were shrouded in exotic travels. They had the allure of the unknown, of wild places. Myths grew up of fantasy lands, magical faraway places made entirely of food and spices. And to that, spices themselves had always been considered special or magical not just for eating and this was already true in the ancient world where legends about spices were abundant. Spices inspired the medieval imagination. （7）They were used as medicines to ward off diseases, and mixed into perfumes, incense. They were used in religious rituals for thousands of years. They took on a life of their own and they inspired the medieval imagination, spurred on the age of discovery in the 145th and 16th centuries. （10）When famous explorers like Columbus and da Gama and Magellan left Europe in their ships, they weren’t looking for a new world, they were looking for we know what important historical repercussions some of those voyages had.詞匯：spice n. 香料；調(diào)味品aromatic adj. 芳香的herb n. 香草tree bark 樹皮cinnamon n. 樟屬的樹root n. 根ginger n. 姜bud n. 芽；蓓蕾clove n. 丁香pepper n. 胡椒maize n. 玉米nutmeg n. 肉豆蔻medieval adj. 中世紀(jì)的boil down to 歸結(jié)為rarity n. 罕見exotic adj. 外來的；異國情調(diào)的fragrance n. 香味mysterious adj. 神秘的；不可思議的mythical adj. 神話的astronomical adj. 天文的；極大的gothic adj. 哥特式的；野蠻的general n. 將軍diplomacy n. 外交手段；外交ambassador n. 大使；代表bland adj. 乏味的aristocracy n. 貴族humiliate v. 使丟臉；羞辱preservative n. 防腐劑collapse v. 瓦解；倒塌handson adj. 親身實(shí)踐的intermediary n. 中間人shroud v. 覆蓋allure n. 誘惑力ward off 避開incense n. 香ritual n. 儀式spur on 驅(qū)使；鼓勵(lì)repercussion n. 反響voyage n. 航行題目：6. What is the main purpose of the lecture?解析：主旨題。說明業(yè)主會(huì)幫她。解析：It will help him write clearly about a plex topic.3. What is the main goal of the study that the professor’s colleague is conducting?答案：細(xì)節(jié)題，定位the professor’s colleague. 文中說她讓一些人看還沒有播出過的節(jié)目，看他們是否喜歡這個(gè)節(jié)目，而參與的人都是這個(gè)學(xué)生的同齡人。學(xué)生想?yún)⒓右豁?xiàng)調(diào)查研究，research study 同義替換為research p