【正文】 s estimate? What do other scientists think of his estimate? 73. What are the two ways in which shellfish are polluted? 74. Why do factories do as much damage to the sea as the cities, towns, and villages? 75. Name all the sources of pollution mentioned in the article. Ⅷ . Directions: Translate the following sentences (taken from Passage 5) into Chinese and write the Chinese version in the corresponding space on your ANSWER SHEET. (15 points,3 points for each) 76. The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilisations, is gravely ill ?the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved round it. 77. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach。t they are frequently infected by the popular practice of ?freshening them up‘?throwing filthy water over them in markets. Industry adds its own poisons. Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper wastetreatment plant. They do as much damage to the sea as sewage. 12. Fifteen thousand factories foul the Italian Ligurian Riviera. Sixty thousand pollute the Tyrrhenian Sea between Sardinia, Sicily and the west Italian coast! The lagoon of Venice alone receives the effluents of 76 factories. 13. More filth es washing down the rivers from industries far inland. The Po and the Rhone are the dirtiest, followed by the Ebro and the Llobregat in Spain, by the Adige and the Tiber in Italy, and by the Nile. 14. Thousands of tons of pesticides are blown off the fields into the sea, detergents from millions of sinks kill fish, and fertilizers, flushed out to the sea, nourish explosions of plankton which cover bathers with itchy slime. 15. Then there is the oil ?350,000 tons pouring each year from ships, 115,000 tons more from industries round the shore. Recent studies show that the Mediterranean is four times as polluted by oil as the north Atlantic, 40 times as bad as the northeast Pacific. 16. Apart from the ninemilewide Strait of Gibraltar, the Mediterranean is landlocked, virtually unable to cleanse itself. It takes 80 years for the water to be renewed, through the narrow, shallow straits, far too slow a process to cope with the remorseless rush of pollution. 17. Weak coastal currents keep sewage and industrial waste close to the shore and gently spin floating oil and tar towards the beaches. And the sea39。s 120 coastal cities is pushed out into the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach。 predictions, theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected. 3. Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henry Poincare said:“ Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.” 4. Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, scientist es to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. 自考 00596《英語閱讀（二）》歷年真題集電子書 10 5. In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist39。 that is, into charges of electricity. electrical impulses are then sent through space on a wireless wave to the homes of the viewers. They are picked up by the aerials and conveyed to the receivers ?to the television sets. 自考 00596《英語閱讀（二）》歷年真題集電子書 7 There, they are finally converted back into the spots of light that make up the picture on the television screen. 31. All the rays of light reflected from objects are of varying intensity. 32. The retina at the back of the eyeball is a lightsensitive plate. 33. An image of the object is focused on the brain in the form of a pattern of lights. 34. The nerve fibres connecting the lightsensitive elements to the brain work independently. 35. The nerve fibres transmit the small spots of light directly to the brain. 36. The lens of the television camera is just like the lens of the eye when beams of light are reflected from the subject being televised. 37. A camera lens focuses an image onto the surface of a plate which is covered with millions of lightsensitive elements. 38. TV station sends pictures to television sets through the spots of light. 39. The spots of light forming the image on the plate in a television camera are converted into pictures. 40. A television set is a transmitter. Ⅴ . Directions: Read Passages 3 and 4 and choose the correct answer. Blacken the corresponding letter of the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.(20 points,1 point for each) Passage 3 1. Of all the foods we know, fruit is one of the most healthful. It is also one of the most tasty foods. Almost everyone enjoys fruit. Fruit is grown in almost every part of the world. There are hundreds of different kinds of fruits. And there are thousands of different varieties. In the United States alone, there are several hundred types of apples. 2. In general though, there are three separate groups. There are tropical fruits. These are most important. In this group, we have bananas and pineapples. They are shipped from tropical countries and are eaten all over the world. 3. Next e the subtropical fruits. The most important of these are the citrus fruits. Oranges, tangerines, limes, and grapefruit are favorites. Other fruits in this class are figs, dates, and olive