【正文】
超立方( hypercube): n維立方( 2n個節(jié)點) ( 4)交換型多計算機 網(wǎng) 格 超 立 方 體28 Intel 單核 CPU芯片 29 Intel多核結(jié)構(gòu) ? Replicate multiple processor cores on a single die. 30 多核處理器是一類特殊的多處理機 ? 所有處理器在同一個芯片上 ? 多核處理器是 MIMD: 不同的核執(zhí)行不同的指令,操作內(nèi)存的不同位置 ? 多核是一個共享內(nèi)存的多處理機:所有核共享同一個內(nèi)存 31 2 Processors vs. 2 Cores 2 Cores ? Two cores on same die connected directly ? Multiple threads and processes automatically processed in parallel ? Only a small increase in power consumption 2 Processors ? Two separate chips connected externally by a system bus ? Requires explicit software support ? Much greater power consumption 32 InterCore Bus Interface Pentium D with 975X Chipset Memory Controller Hub I/O Controller Hub DDR2 Memory PCI Express x16 6 PCI 4 Serial ATA Ports 6 PCI Express x1 HighDefinition Audio 2 PCI Express x8 or DMI (2 GB/s) 1066 / 800 MHz FSB Core 1 L2 Cache (for Core 1) Core 0 L2 Cache (for Core 0) 6 USB Intel Matrix Storage BIOS Support Intel Pro 1000 LAN 33 分布式系統(tǒng)概念 分布式系統(tǒng)的特點 硬件概念 軟件概念 分布式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計問題 主要內(nèi)容 34 分類: ? 緊耦合式、 松耦合式 軟件相關(guān)概念 緊耦合 松耦合 軟件 硬件 松耦合 緊耦合 分布式 OS 多處理機分時 OS 網(wǎng)絡(luò) OS 35 軟件相關(guān)概念 ? An overview of ? DOS (Distributed Operating Systems) ? NOS (Network Operating Systems) ? Middleware System Description Main Goal DOS Tightlycoupled operating system for multiprocessors and homogeneous multiputers Hide and manage hardware resources NOS Looselycoupled operating system for heterogeneous multiputers (LAN and WAN) Offer local services to remote clients Mid