congestionpricingandsustainabledevelopmentofurban-外文文獻(xiàn)-wenkub.com
2025-05-07 19:05 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 more generally concern has been expressed at the impact on those who, for whatever reason, have no choice but to travel by car. These arguments can be countered to some extent by devising more flexible charging regimes. It has to be accepted that any form of road pricing will introduce some inequities. The key is to keep these to minimum, and to find ways of pensating those who do not benefit from congestion pricing. In practice, the lowest ine travelers, who typically travel by public transport or on foot, are most likely to benefit. For the conventional transportation system, the tax rates on gasoline, which are the same regardless of whether transport users are traveling during congested or uncongested periods, provide no incentive for users to use infrastructure more efficiently. Congestion pricing is expected to reduce this unfair by implementing surcharge for the use selected congested facilities during peak traffic periods. Under congestion pricing, residents inside the cordon should pay extra charge in peak periods, and seemly have an increase in travel costs. In fact, the reduction in congestion brought by the cordons including time savings, resulting in lower travel costs to cordon residents. If congestion pricing scheme is well designed, and revenues collected through charges should be directed to local authorities and earmarked for further improvements in the transport situation and mitigation of the congestion effects. It is no doubt that congestion pricing should enhance economic equity among all infrastructure users. 451Equity issues addressed in transport have been largely concerned with economic equity, including the relationship between public and private transport, the impacts of congestion pricing on peripheral areas and underprivileged population groups. However, environmentalequity issues have been little within a transport context. Transport produces direct effects such as atmospheric emissions and noise, and also indirect effects, through its influence on the location of polluting facilities and affected people. Environmental equity refers to the social distribution of environmental quality (and specifically the distribution of NO2 by deprivation status). That is equal access to a clean environment and equal protection from possible environmental harm irrespective of ine, class or other differentiating feature of socioeconomics status [13]. Transportation planners should point out that the reduction of congestion levels and increased trip speed on an entire facility will benefit users of public transit. It will important to explain to the public that congestion pricing represents a step towards a more equitable method of paying for transportation systems. Existing transportation improvement programs are paid for by gasoline tax. Congestion pricing requires those choosing travel in peak time period to pay significantly more than those choosing travel in any other time periods. Congestion pricing also reduces inequity in exposure to NO2 with the extent of the reduction congestion areas according to the charge option. In other words, the NO2 inequity reduces linearly with improvements in citywide air quality and with reduction in total distance traveled on the road work. From an environmental equity perspective, the effectiveness of congestion pricing is sensitive to the spatial distribution of socioeconomic characteristics。Congestion Pricing and Sustainable Development of Urban Transportation system Jianhu Zheng (Department of Automobile Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China) Abstract The rapid growth in urbanization and motorization generally contributes to an urban transportation system that is economically, environmentally and socially unsustainable. The result has been a relentless increase in traffic congestion. Road congestion pricing has been proposed many times as an economic measure to fight congestion in urban traffic, but has not seen widespread use in practice because of Some potential impacts of road pricing remain unknown. The paper first reviews the concept of sustainable transportation system, which should meet the goals of economic development,
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