【正文】 marriages have been reported between people who met as straphangers. Of course, there is no first class. On one trip recently, I noted a Wall Street banker heading home in his pinstriped suit next to a dreadlocked Rastafarian in torn blue jeans, as a Bangladeshi waiter disapprovingly eyed a miniskireted Hispanic secretary across from him struggling with her lipstick. Above them, a publicservice ad in Spanish showed cartoon characters learning the importance of AIDS prevention. If the United Nations is where the world shakes hands, the New York subway is where the world rubs shoulders. 11. The sentence ―The subway is the thing we love to hate.‖ () can best be paraphrased by which of the following? (A) We either love or hate the subway. (B) We love more than we hate the subway. (C) We hate more than we love the subway. (D) We both love and hate the subway. 12. In the question ―Why, then, do New Yorkers swear by it?‖ (), the phrase ―swear by‖ can be replaced by ________. (A) show hatred for (B) have much confidence in (C) make a mockery of (D) give great promise to 13. When the author writes ―The subway, I find, is also oddly liberating.‖ () he most probably means that _______. 11 (A) The subway reveals itself as a cosmopolitan world (B) The subway is a great theatrical stage (C) The subway has the most democratic atmosphere (D) The subway evokes strange feeling of freedom 14. It can be concluded that in writing the essay, the author ________. (A) gives an objective description of the New York subway (B) introduces the New York subway from his personal experience (C) gives suggestions on how the New York subway can be improved (D) expresses his opposing emotional attitude towards the New York subway 15. The last two paragraphs can be considered as ________. (A) a summary of what has been described in the previous paragraphs (B) a repetition of the views expressed so far (C) an intensification of the theme of the essay (D) an exemplification of the topic of the essay Questions 16~20 On July 2, the first fully implanted artificial heart was stitched into the chest of Robert L. tools, a 59yearold technical librarian, at Jewish Hospital in Louisville. His failing heart had so debilitated him that doctors had given him less than 30 days to live。 if you see someone injured and do nothing to help, you have acted negatively. There is a choice about one’s manner of involvement。 however, such cases usually involve the surrogate mom wanting to keep her offspring after they’re born. And even though they have been through a lot together, Beasley has no such plans for the twins. ―Financially, emotionally, I don’t have the means,‖ she says. Their happy ending will have to wait. 1. According to the passage, Helen Beasley became a surrogate mother mainly because ________. (A) she wanted to have a daughter of her own (B) she liked to be a voluntary egg donor (C) she had much sympathy for those childless families (D) she needed the money from surrogate parenting 2. The word ―row‖ in the sentence ―there was a lengthy row between the two sides‖ () can be replaced by ________. (A) negotiation (B) argument (C) munication (D) dialogue 3. It can be found from the passage that the contract between Beasley and wheeler and Berman ________. (A) was unfair to the surrogate mother (B) was quite prehensive and accepted by both parties (C) did not include clauses related to multiple pregnancy (D) specified the reduction of payment in case of multiple pregnancy 4. According to the passage, Beasley refused to terminate one of the fetuses out of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ________. (A) her high blood pressure would lead to danger in operation 7 (B) both of the twin fetuses would face the risk of being lost (C) the termination would be too late after week 13 of her pregnancy (D) the decision to reduce fetuses was cruel and uhical 5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? (A) Beasley is going to keep the twins herself. (B) Both sides are seeking potential parents. (C) The laws concerning surrogate mothering are different in the two countries. (D) The case is quite unusual pared with most other surrogate cases. Questions 6~10 Disaster crushes one man now, afterward others — Euripidies. If there are any bystanders left in the world—people on the sidelines, unaffected by major events of war, terrorism, global capitalism and technological change—they are very few. Inhabitants of remote Pacific islands or the forests of the Amazon might merit the description if they were not directly affected by environmental problems and the encroachment of mercial hunger for raw materials. Similarly, countries which claim neutrality are not really on no one’s side, they are on everyone’s side—as revealed by the fact that escaped allied prisoners could find safety in Switzerland during the war against Nazism, while at the same times their pursuers could equally safely bank their money there. But it is otherwise impossible for anyone now to stand aside from world affairs. It is an illusion to think that one can avoid the line of fire, or claim exemption from the effect of forces that smash and grind against each other internationally. Civilian populations are now frontline troops。 they became so in the 20th century’s wars, suffering bombing and deprivation, their mobilization in those immense struggles making them a target even in their homes, the aim being as much to unnerve as to kill them—for a demoralized enemy is as good as a defeated one. Terrorism has exactly the aim, as its name implies, of frightening civilian populations into forcing their governments to concede. It takes only a few determined people to achieve this, applying the lesson—learned from the Spartans at Thermop