【正文】 b) winterborn babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina； c) soccermad parents are more likely to conceive in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania。 d) none of the above. Anders Ericsson, a 58yearold psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in ―none of the above.‖ Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.“ With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls.“ He kept improving and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.” This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not geically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on oute. Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait wt monly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performerswhether in memory or surgery, ballet or puter programmingare nearly always made, not born. 21 The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to [A] stress the importance of professional training [B] spotlight the soccer superstars on the world cup [C] introduce the topic of what mules expert performance [D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others 22 The word ―mania‖ (Line4, Paragraph2) most probably means [A] fun [B]craze [C] hysteria [D]excitement 23 According to Ericsson, good memory [A] depends on meaningful processing of information [B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises [C] is determined by geic rather than psychological factors [D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration 24 Ericsson and his colleagues believe that [A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success [B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance [C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked [D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture 25 Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? [A] ―Faith will move mountains‖ [B]One reaps what one sows [C]Practice makes perfect [D] Like father, like son Text2 For the past several years ,the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called ―Ask Marilyn ― People are invited query Marilyn vos Savant ,who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old。2020 年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語真題 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: read the following test. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points) By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had bee independent nations. The roughly 20 million _____1_____ of these nations loved ______2_____ to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence ____3_____ the ideals of representative government, careers ____4____ to talent, freedom of merce and trade, the ______5____ to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society ____6___ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a _____7______ set of laws. On the issue of ______8_____ religion and the position of the church, ____9_____ there was less agreement _____10____ the leadership Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one _____11___ by the Spanish crown, ______12______ most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism _____13_____ the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the ______14_____ of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying ___15_____ for the conservative forces. The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had ____16_____ in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s ____17_____ colonies. Early premise to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much ___18___ because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies ___19____ Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was