【正文】 山洪災(zāi)害預(yù)警系統(tǒng)建設(shè)目標(biāo) 按照 “ 安全、先進(jìn)、高效、可靠 ” 的建設(shè)目標(biāo) ，水文監(jiān)測(cè)及遠(yuǎn)程預(yù)警系統(tǒng)為 山洪災(zāi)害防御系統(tǒng)工程的核心，其建設(shè)的總體目標(biāo)為：應(yīng)用穩(wěn)定可靠的信息采12 集設(shè)備和成熟先進(jìn)的通信手段，收集防汛基礎(chǔ)資料，將流域內(nèi)的實(shí)時(shí)雨情和水情快速 準(zhǔn)確地發(fā)送到防汛指揮中心；在當(dāng)前計(jì)算機(jī)軟、硬件基礎(chǔ)上，建設(shè)完善、合理的防汛信息綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)水情信息的自動(dòng)采集、實(shí)時(shí)傳輸和有序存儲(chǔ)，使水情信息在局域網(wǎng)上共享；利用 WWW 技術(shù)，選用 B/S 模式，建立實(shí)用、可靠、高效、先進(jìn)的信息查詢顯示系統(tǒng)；研制流域洪水預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，對(duì)洪水大小和發(fā)生時(shí)間作出準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)，并通過專用網(wǎng)絡(luò)、公用網(wǎng)絡(luò)和廣播電視媒體對(duì)災(zāi)區(qū)群眾發(fā)布；建立快速實(shí)用的災(zāi)情評(píng)估系統(tǒng)和災(zāi)后建設(shè)管理系統(tǒng)。 建立山洪災(zāi)害防治的法規(guī)政策體系 通過法律和政策的手段強(qiáng)制性進(jìn)行山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)控制和管理，規(guī)范、約束人類各種無序活動(dòng)造成災(zāi)害加劇的行為，從根本上防止已遭破壞的生態(tài)環(huán)境繼續(xù)惡化。 11 建立圖片、視頻多媒體監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng) 因?yàn)閳D片和視頻多媒體的直觀可視性，給人身臨其境的效果，在泥石流和滑坡 重點(diǎn)地區(qū)，增加圖片、視頻多媒體監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目，平時(shí)按一定的間隔時(shí)間傳輸靜態(tài)圖片，在發(fā)生災(zāi)情時(shí)啟動(dòng)攝像功能，實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)傳輸現(xiàn)場(chǎng)災(zāi)情的發(fā)生變化過程，為防汛搶險(xiǎn)和災(zāi)情評(píng)估收集第一手資料。工程措施包括：山洪溝、泥石流、滑坡治理；水利工程除險(xiǎn)加固， 山洪災(zāi)害威脅區(qū)水土保持治理等。 地形是導(dǎo)致山洪災(zāi)害的基礎(chǔ)因素 陡峭的地形地貌為洪水、泥石流、滑坡提供了強(qiáng)大的勢(shì)能，使降雨產(chǎn)生的徑流順坡而下，向溝谷匯集，快速形成強(qiáng)大的洪峰流量，進(jìn)而誘發(fā)泥石流和滑坡的發(fā)生 。 山洪災(zāi)害成因 10 山溪洪水災(zāi)害的發(fā)生主要與氣象、地形地貌和人為因素等有關(guān)。 汛期 4～ 9 月，特別是主汛期 6～ 8 月，是山洪災(zāi)害多發(fā)期。 來勢(shì)兇猛、 破壞性強(qiáng) 由于山區(qū)河流底坡陡，流程短，流速快，沖擊力強(qiáng)，破壞性大，對(duì)工礦、交通及居民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的危害都十分嚴(yán)重。 山洪災(zāi)害預(yù)警系統(tǒng)研究方法 山洪災(zāi)害主要特點(diǎn) 突發(fā)性強(qiáng) 山洪災(zāi)害多由暴雨所致，由于暴雨強(qiáng)度大， 加上特定的地質(zhì)、地貌等下墊面條件，導(dǎo)致山洪來勢(shì)兇猛。必須把防治山洪災(zāi)害擺在重要位置，認(rèn)真總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，研究山洪發(fā)生的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律，采取綜合防治對(duì)策，最大限度地減少災(zāi)害損失。 山洪災(zāi)害點(diǎn)多面廣，具有明顯的多發(fā)性、無序的突發(fā)性和強(qiáng)烈的破壞性，防御難度很大。 a rapid and practical assessment system and postconstruction management system. 8 山洪災(zāi)害預(yù)警系統(tǒng)研究的重要意義 眾所周知，我國(guó)是山洪災(zāi)害極其頻繁嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家，每年汛期由降雨引發(fā)的山洪、泥石流、滑坡都造成了大量人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，不僅嚴(yán)重威脅著廣大人民群眾的生命安全，而且嚴(yán)重制約著廣大山丘區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展和人民群眾的脫貧致富，影響全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 when danger es, or the initial issuance of flash floods, monitoring or a responsible person that the villagers, it is necessary to take rapidgong, put gun, phone calls, pull preset alarm and other people to know the signal, dutybound to the downstream village quickly, farmers alarm, while the local government and the flood control department to report to the government and the flood control authorities to immediately release to alert the wider downstream, broadcast notices or munications police, emergency rescue anizations. The objective of mountain flood warning systems Accordance with the safe, advanced, efficient and reliable, the goal of building, hydrological monitoring and early warning system for the remote mountain flood prevention systems engineering core, the construction of the overall objectives are: a stable and reliable application of information collection of advanced equipment and sophisticated means of munication, flood control and basic data collection, realtime within the basin and the rainfall regime quickly and accurately sent to the flood control center。 Water reinforcement, flash floods and other disasters threaten Soil and Water Conservation District. Nonengineering measures include: meteorological, hydrological monitoring system, warning system and decision support system construction. The main research projects of nonengineering flood disasters prevention measures. 5 1, the establishment of meteorological and hydrological monitoring system According to sudden flash floods, regional characteristics, in a small basin, in the key areas of debris flow and landslides, increased rainfall and hydrological observation stations, automatic monitoring of key areas, rainfall warning station layout, realtime monitoring of rainfall, scattered residential areas can be Simple to install rain barrels manual observation, rainfall data collection, analysis of rainfall intensity on landslides, debris flow impact. 2, create a picture, vid