【正文】 此外，意圖和行為之間 關(guān)系 的下降，隨著認(rèn)知措施和行為之間更多時(shí)間的傳遞， 可能 SN對 行為 的直接影響會(huì)變得更強(qiáng) 。由于動(dòng)機(jī) 的 考慮，從事特定行為的意圖的措施會(huì) 變化為 和 行為參與 的接近，在未來的進(jìn)一步是潛在的行為參 與， 從事這種行為的意圖 是具有較少預(yù)測性的 。 被稱為 “ 兼容性 原則 ” ， 它認(rèn)為，計(jì)劃行為變量的測量必須與目標(biāo)，行動(dòng) ，背景， 和時(shí)間方面的目標(biāo)行為兼容。此外， 另外三個(gè)變量的影響 潛在的干擾，將 被 探討： 社會(huì)認(rèn)可的行為水平，在何種程度上 的社會(huì)動(dòng)機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)行為 ，以及 行 為是有用 與愉快的 ， 可能 都有助于 規(guī)范和行為之間的關(guān)系方差 的程度 。因此，總的效果是這兩種效應(yīng)的總和。這可能體現(xiàn)在 SN對特 定行為的 直接影響的 存在。此外，個(gè)體在一個(gè)實(shí)例中 有意 從事特定行為， 在行為參與的機(jī)會(huì)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，該行為 意圖可能會(huì)從形成時(shí)刻的實(shí)例 受到改變 。 然而，一些計(jì)劃 行為 研究 ，包括規(guī)范行為的預(yù)測結(jié)構(gòu)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)， SN對行為的直接影響 。此外， DN對行為決定的處理可能需要 相對較少的認(rèn)知努力 相較于 IN的處理 ， DN可以 更多地依靠啟發(fā)式 信息處理。 IN另一方面，通過角色的動(dòng)機(jī) 以符合社會(huì)的制裁 。 在這，這些以前的研究已經(jīng)考察了 SN對 意圖的影響，迄今 , 沒有計(jì)劃行為 meta分析探討了 SN在計(jì)劃行為方面對行為的影響的潛在差異 。 主觀規(guī)范行為的關(guān)系 在審查 計(jì)劃行為方面的 SN結(jié)構(gòu) 中 ， Conner and Armitage(1998) 已經(jīng)注意到 在預(yù)測意圖時(shí)預(yù)測能力的缺乏 。 描述和強(qiáng)制 性 規(guī)范 SN可以區(qū)分 為兩種類型。 預(yù)計(jì)知覺控制有一個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)作用，這樣的意圖將反映在實(shí)際行為知覺控制，程度 是高的。 PBC是知覺因素的作用，這將影響從事行為 的能力以及這些因素 呈現(xiàn) 與否 的觀感 。這種行為的意圖主要包括三個(gè) 因素：態(tài)度的行為，知覺的 SN有關(guān)行為 ， 從事和完成控制的認(rèn)知度行為（知覺行為控制）。 Ross, 1996。39。 Ajzen amp。 Carvajal, 2021). Furthermore, when an individual reports an intention to engage in a particular behaviour in one instance, that behavioural intention may be subject to change from the instance it is formed to the moment when an opportunity for behavioural engagement arises (Ajzen, 1991).For example, in the classic linn (1965) study, hotel managers expressed little intent to allow Chinese couples to stay in their hotels, however allowed them to do so when the instance arose. It is less likely that perceptions of norms related to the behaviour will change over time. Consequently, there is the potential for reported normative perceptions to have stronger relations with behaviour pared with relations between reported behavioural intentions and behaviour. This may be reflected in the presence of a DE of SN on the particular behaviour. The present metaanaljtical synthesis provides the opportunity39。 Finlay, 2021). In most research with the TPB, the effect of the normative ponent on intentions has received most attention (Armitage amp。 Christian, Armitage, amp。 Fishbein, 1973). However, a number of planned behaviour studies that have included normative constructs as a behavioural predictor have found direct effects of SN on behaviour (Christian amp。Lapinski amp。 Okun et al.. 2021: Sheeran amp。Fekadu amp。 Rhodes amp。 Neighbours, 2021。 Deutsch amp。 , amp。 Ckmner, 2021: Bamberg, Ajzen, amp。of planned behaviour (TPB。 Okun, Karoly, amp。 Gomberg, Schneider, amp。 Reno et al., 1993), participants inferred behavioural norms for littering from environmental cues and acted in accord with these norms. The results highlight the fact that perceptions of norms, ratber than actual norms, can affect behaviour. Tlie relation between perceived norms and bebaviour has received much empirical support (Borsari amp。 Berkowitz, 1969) through recent work by Cialdini and colleagues(Cialdini, Reno. amp。 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 The effects of subjective norms on behaviour in the theory of planned behaviour: A metaanalysis Mark Manning* University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA A metaanalysis investigated the effects of perceived injunctive (IN) and descriptive (DN) norms on behaviour (BEH) within the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in a sample of 196 studies. Two related correlation matrices (pairwise and listwise) were synthesized from the data and used to model the TPB relations with path evidence indicated that the relation between DN and BEH was stronger than the relation between IN and BEH. Evidence also suggested a significant direct relation between DN and BEH in the context of TPB. A suppressor effect of IN on DN in its relation with BEH was also noted. Moderator analyses indicated that the DNBEH relation was stronger when there was more time between measures of cognition and behaviour, when behaviours were not socially approved, more socially motive and more pleasant: results were mixed in the case of