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【正文】 therefore VpIp = VsIs from which is obtained psVV = psII ≌ psEE ≌ a It shows that as an approximation the terminal voltage ratio equals the turns ratio. The primary and secondary current, on the other hand, are inversely related to the turns ratio. The turns ratio gives a measure of how much the secondary voltage is raised or lowered in relation to the primary voltage. To calculate the voltage regulation, we need more information. The ratio of the terminal voltage varies somewhat depending on the load and its power factor. In practice, the transformation ratio is obtained from the nameplate data, which list the primary and secondary voltage under fullload condition. When the secondary voltage Vs is reduced pared to the primary voltage, the transformation is said to be a stepdown transformer: conversely, if this voltage is raised, it is called a stepup transformer. In a stepdown transformer the transformation ratio a is greater than unity (a), while for a stepup transformer it is smaller than unity (a). In the event that a=1, the transformer secondary voltage equals the primary voltage. This is a special type of transformer used in instances where electrical isolation is required between the primary and secondary circuit while maintaining the same voltage level. Therefore, this transformer is generally knows as an isolation transformer. 鄭州大學(xué)電氣工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 8 As is apparent, it is the magic flux in the core that forms the connecting link between primary and secondary circuit. In section 4 it is shown how the primary winding current adjusts itself to the secondary load current when the transformer supplies a load. Looking into the transformer terminals from the source, an impedance is seen which by definition equals Vp / Ip. From psVV = psII ≌ psEE ≌ a , we have Vp = aVs and Ip = Is/ terms of Vs and Is the ratio of Vp to Ip is ppVI = /ssaVIa = 2ssaVI But Vs / Is is the load impedance ZL thus we can say that Zm (primary) = a2ZL This equation tells us that when an impedance is connected to the secondary side, it appears from the source as an impedance having a magnitude that is a2 times its actual value. We say that the load impedance is reflected or referred to the primary. It is this property of transformers that is used in impedancematching applications. 4. TRANSFORMERS UNDER LOAD The primary and secondary voltages shown have similar polarities, as indicated by the “dotmaking” convention. The dots near the upper ends of the windings have the same meaning as in circuit theory。 out of phase with the applied voltage. Since no current flows in the secondary winding, Es=Vs. The noload primary current I0 is small, a few percent of fullload current. Thus the voltage in the primary is small and Vp is nearly equal to Ep. The primary voltage and the resulting flux are sinusoidal。. It is readily seen that the current ponent Im= I0sinθ0, called the magizing current, is 90186。因?yàn)殡妷航蹬c負(fù)載電流成比例關(guān)系，這就意味著空載情況下一次側(cè)和二次側(cè)繞組的電壓降都為零。把 這些附加的電壓降也考慮在內(nèi)，這樣一個(gè)實(shí)際的變壓器的等值電路圖就完成了。二次側(cè)漏磁將使電壓增大以保持兩側(cè)電壓的平衡。因此我們?nèi)耘f可以認(rèn)定空載電流 I
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