【正文】 軟件是有效使用計(jì)算機(jī)的關(guān)鍵，有了合適的軟件，計(jì)算機(jī)就成了有用的工具。 在計(jì)算機(jī)執(zhí)行程序以前，程序的指令必須裝入計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)存，通常是從外存裝入內(nèi)存。 5 計(jì)算機(jī)軟件 軟件，也叫計(jì)算機(jī)程序或程序，是高職計(jì)算機(jī)硬件做什么的一系列指令。 通信 當(dāng)今大多數(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)都具有與其他計(jì)算機(jī)通信的能力。如果輸入數(shù)據(jù)不精確，輸出結(jié)果就不準(zhǔn)確。這就使得數(shù)十億此操作在 1 秒內(nèi)被執(zhí)行。雖然調(diào)制解調(diào)器有內(nèi)部外部之分，但大多是內(nèi)部的，即裝在 系統(tǒng)單元內(nèi)部。要使用 DVDROM,就得有一臺(tái) DVD 驅(qū)動(dòng)器。壓縮光盤采用微小的陷坑存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，有CDROM 驅(qū)動(dòng)器制作或播放?？梢苿?dòng)硬盤蜜蜂在一個(gè)塑料或金屬盒內(nèi)。 硬盤能比軟盤提供更大的存儲(chǔ)容量。磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器是一種讀寫設(shè)備。一種常用的外存介質(zhì)是磁盤，這是一種圓而扁的塑料或金屬盤片，可寫入編碼的數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)。任何連接系統(tǒng)單元的外部設(shè)備都稱外設(shè)。 內(nèi)存是一系列的電子元件，用來臨時(shí)保存正在被 CPU 處理的數(shù)據(jù)或指令。 系統(tǒng)單元 系統(tǒng)單元是一個(gè)盒狀的金屬或塑料箱，內(nèi)有計(jì)算機(jī)電子電路。 PC 相機(jī)是在你和其他人通信時(shí)，使他們能看到你， PC 相機(jī)也允許你編輯視頻，制作影片和拍攝 數(shù)碼相片。計(jì)算機(jī)鍵盤還包括在計(jì)算機(jī)上執(zhí)行特殊功能的特殊鍵。 硬件部件包括輸入設(shè)備、輸出設(shè)備、系統(tǒng)單元、 存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備和通信設(shè)備。構(gòu)成一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)的電器、電子和機(jī)械部件稱硬件。 向計(jì)算機(jī)輸入的數(shù)據(jù)稱輸入，處理的結(jié) 果稱輸出，因此，計(jì)算機(jī)處理輸入一遍產(chǎn)生輸出。計(jì)算機(jī)管理數(shù)據(jù)，并將數(shù)據(jù)處理生成信息。為了當(dāng)今世 界能取得成功，你必須具備一些計(jì)算機(jī)及其使用方面的知識(shí)。當(dāng)你買東西時(shí)，計(jì)算機(jī)跟蹤你的購(gòu)買行為， 計(jì)算你所欠的金額，有時(shí)候還會(huì)制作適應(yīng)你購(gòu)買模式的贈(zèng)券。 當(dāng)你聽到“計(jì)算機(jī)”這個(gè)詞的時(shí)候，你或許會(huì)首先想到在工作場(chǎng)所的那些計(jì)算機(jī) ——這些計(jì)算機(jī)用來制作上午信件、備忘錄、計(jì)算賬單和跟蹤庫(kù)存或制作發(fā)票。 and its ability to municate with other puters. Speed Inside the system unit, operation occurs through electronic circuits. When data, instructions, and information, flow along these circuits, they travel at close to the speed of light. This allows billions of operations to be carried out i n a single second. Reliability The electronic ponents in modern puters are dependable because they have a low failure rate. The high reliability of ponents enables the puter to produce consistent results. Accuracy Computers can process large amounts of data and generate errorfree results, provided the data is entered correctly. If inaccurate data is entered, the resulting output will be incorrect. This puting principle known as garbage in, garbage out (GIGO), points out that the accuracy of a puter’s output depends on the accuracy of the input. Storage Many puters can store enormous amounts of data and make this data available for processing any time it is needed. Using current storage devices, the data can be transferred quickly from storage to memory, processed, and then stored again for future use. Communications Most puters today have the capability of municating with other puters. Computers with this capability can share any of the four information processing cycle operations— input, process, output, and storage— with another puter. For example, two puters connected by a munications device such as a modem can share stored data, instructions, and information. When two or more puters are connected together via munications media and devices, they prise a work is the Inter, a worldwide collection of works that links together millions of businesses, government installations, educational institutions, and individuals. 5. Computer Software Software, also called a puter program or simply a program, is a series of instructions that tells the hardware of a puter what to do. For example, some instructions direct the puter to allow you to input data from the keyboard and store it in memory. Other instructions cause data stored in memory to be used in calculations such as adding a series of numbers to obtain a total. Some instructions pare two values stored in memory and direct the puter to perform alternative Operations based on the results of the parison。 hardware needs the instructions provided