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a man who does not offend by superiority.amp。character, the grandest thing in the world.amp。 of contemplation. but in americaamp。 now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces? and why are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time? one answer lies deep in our cultural history. western societies, and in particular the ., have always favored the man of action over the man of contemplation and amp。39。s what youamp。t even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions. even about seemingly personal and visceral things like who youamp。沃茲尼亞克和史蒂夫。39。沃茲尼亞克發(fā)明了第一臺(tái)蘋果電腦 一個(gè)人獨(dú)自坐在他的機(jī)柜旁 在他當(dāng)時(shí)工作的惠普公司 并且他說他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)在那方面成為一號(hào)專家 但他還沒因太內(nèi)向到要離開那里 那個(gè)他成長(zhǎng)起來的地方。39。榮格,這個(gè)讓這些名詞為大眾所熟知的心理學(xué)家,說道 世上絕沒有一個(gè)純粹的內(nèi)向的人 或者一個(gè)純粹的外向的人 他說這樣的人會(huì)在精神病院里 如果他存在的話 還有一些人處在中間的跡象 在內(nèi)向與外向之間 我們稱這些人為”。39。they were there because they had no choice, because they were driven to do what they thought was right. 事實(shí)上,歷史上一些有改革能力的領(lǐng)袖都是內(nèi)向的人 我會(huì)舉一些例子給你們 埃莉諾。格蘭特教授做了一項(xiàng)很有意思的研究 這項(xiàng)研究表明內(nèi)向的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們 相對(duì)于外向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)而言總是會(huì)生產(chǎn)更大的效益 因?yàn)楫?dāng)他們管理主動(dòng)積極的雇員的時(shí)候 他們更傾向于讓有主見的雇員去自由發(fā)揮 反之外向的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)就可能,當(dāng)然是不經(jīng)意的 對(duì)于事情變得十分激動(dòng) 他們?cè)谑聞?wù)上有了自己想法的印跡 這使其他人的想法可能就不會(huì)很容易地 在舞臺(tái)上發(fā)光了。re putting their own stamp on things, and other peopleamp。 so if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: when i was going to school, we sat in rows. we sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work pretty nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other. and kids are working in countless group assignments. even in subjects like math and creative writing, which you think would depend on solo flights of thought, kids are now expected to act as mittee members. and for the kids who preferto go off by themselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or, worse, a