【正文】 姿百態(tài)的有些類似外星人的人形造像就深深吸引了，覺得古代的文明非常細(xì)膩和神奇并且充滿想象力。在中國美術(shù)史的課上又一次見到了這些造像，看到了三星堆文明的發(fā)展史，可以說三星堆文明是我國重要的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)之一 ：三星堆遺址是一處距今5000年至3000年左右的古蜀文化遺址，面積達(dá)12平方公里自20世紀(jì)20年代起至今，中外考古學(xué)家對(duì)其進(jìn)行了大量的考古發(fā)掘和專題研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)了城墻遺址和大量精美文物。三星堆遺址及文物的發(fā)現(xiàn)，有力地證明了三四千年前古蜀國的存在和中華文明起源的多元性。三星堆遺址內(nèi)存在三種面貌不同但又連續(xù)發(fā)展的三期考古學(xué)文化，即以成都平原龍山時(shí)代至夏代遺址群為代表的一期文化，又稱“寶墩文化”；以商代三星堆規(guī)模宏大的古城和高度發(fā)達(dá)的青銅文明為代表的二期文化；以商末至西周早期三星堆廢棄古城時(shí)期為代表的三期文化，即成都“十二橋文化”。在三星堆遺址中，青銅文明占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)的地位，這些古蜀國的人形造像為我們展現(xiàn)了一個(gè)多姿多彩的古代文明。在眾多的青銅人面像里有三件著名的“千里眼、順風(fēng)耳”造型，它們不僅體型龐大，而且眼球明顯突出眼眶，雙耳更是極盡夸張，長大似獸耳，大嘴也咧到了耳根，讓我體會(huì)到一種難以形容的驚訝和奇異。這些奇奇怪怪造型吸引了我的注意力，這些神秘的群體似乎在向我們展示著當(dāng)年的神秘的故事。另外三星堆遺址出土的“青銅神樹”，稱得上是一件絕無僅有極其奇妙的器物。青銅神樹分為3層，樹枝上共棲息著9只神鳥,顯然是“九日居下枝”的寫照，有兩顆大銅樹體量巨大，尤其是一號(hào)大銅樹上還有龍盤繞，它們應(yīng)當(dāng)不是普通的樹木，而是具有某種神性的神樹，也給學(xué)者留下了無盡的謎題，讓人們?cè)跉v史與古籍中尋找。我覺得之所以三星堆文明能夠引起國內(nèi)乃至國外的巨大反響，是古蜀文明帶給大家的恢詭浪漫，以及他蘊(yùn)含的神秘的需要學(xué)者不斷去探尋的文化淵源，揭示了當(dāng)時(shí)古蜀文明的另一面。也讓我充滿了好奇。第四篇：三星堆英文導(dǎo)游詞Good morning, Ladies and to Sanxingdui museum is Situated in the northeast of the Sanxingdui Site and it was opened to the public in October ’s no doubt a it has a great number of historical relics , which are very spectacular, such as a stately standing figure, a freakish bronze mask, and a towering bronze holy tree。all of them are unparalleled there are many gold wares and jade wares ,and many of them are the first ever seen of their these relics proved that Sanxingdui was the capital of the ancient Shu Kingdom more than 3,000 years , Ladies and Gentlemen, I would like to introduce you one of the most unique and grotesque relics in the museumthe bronze mask with protruding , please watch the mask is 78 centimeters wide , centimeters high and on the forehead there is a dragonshaped crown, which is 68centimeters mask’s eyeballs are quite strange,right? they are not the normal eyeballs ,but look like two bulging circular cylinders, and each thrusting outward about ears are also stange ,they are very big and stretch out on both , the mask is half human beings half you may feel confused: What was their prototype or origin? Why must they be expressed in such way? The answer may lies in the years ago, Sanxingdui was the capital of the Shu Kingdom and Cancong was the first the Shu people regarded Cancong as their ancestral to written records in the Shu Kingdom’s Chronicle, it says: “ Cancong had protruding eyes”.In the past, scholars were very confused of the term “protruding eyes”, because they did not know what it really order to explain it, a lot of speculative theories were none of them were with the excavation of this mask, most archeologists agree that the term should refer to the appearance of the believe that the mask represents the image of CanCong , the first ruler of the Shu kingdom..Everybody ,do you agree the explanation? If you don’t , here I want to share other speculations with opinion is the mask is associated with some the exaggerated eyes and ears are the most impressive features of the some archeologist believed that these images symbolize the socalled ThousandMile Eye and WindAcpanying Ear in Chinese opinion is that the mask shows the evolution of early cultures tend to mix animism with ancestral worship , so it is not strange that the mask has both animalistic and human , no matter which opinion you take, because we have no written records about how and why the mask was made, I believe the debate about the mysterious mask will go on for a long Ladies and Gentlemen, I will give you 5 minutes to observe the you can also freely photograph or film it, but please remember, don’t use flash .第五篇：半坡遺址導(dǎo)游詞半坡遺址位于西安市以東，是一個(gè)典型的母系氏族公社村落遺址，屬于仰韶文化。這類遺存僅在黃河流域的關(guān)中地區(qū)就發(fā)現(xiàn)了400多處，因此，黃河流域素有中國古代文化發(fā)源地之美稱。半坡遺址是1953年春在灞橋火力發(fā)電廠施工中偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的?，F(xiàn)存面積約5萬平方米，分居住區(qū)、制陶區(qū)和墓葬區(qū)3個(gè)部分。發(fā)掘面積為1萬平方米，共發(fā)現(xiàn)房屋遺址46座，圈欄2座，儲(chǔ)藏物品的地窖200多個(gè)，成人墓葬174座，小孩甕棺葬73座，燒陶窯址6座，以及大量生產(chǎn)工具和生活用品。向我們生動(dòng)地展現(xiàn)了6000多年前處于母系氏族社會(huì)繁榮時(shí)期的半坡先民們的生產(chǎn)與生活情景。1958年，在考古發(fā)掘的基礎(chǔ)上建立了我國第一座遺址性博物館半坡博物館。半坡博物館現(xiàn)有2個(gè)陳列室和1個(gè)遺址大廳。第一展室主要展出在半坡遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)的生產(chǎn)工具，有石器、漁具、紡輪、骨針、魚鉤、魚叉等，我們可以由此了解半坡人生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的各種場(chǎng)面。第二展室展出的文物反映出半坡人的社會(huì)生活、文化藝術(shù)和各種發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。人面魚紋是半坡彩陶畫的典型作品，這一生動(dòng)的形象反映了半坡人豐富的藝術(shù)想象力。人面魚紋線條明快，人頭像的頭頂有三角形的發(fā)髻，兩嘴角邊各銜一條小魚。此圖反映了半坡人和魚之間的密切關(guān)系和特殊的感情，可能是半坡氏族崇奉的圖騰。尖底瓶是半坡出土的最具特點(diǎn)的陶器之一。它是巧妙運(yùn)用重心原理的一種汲水器。具體方法是在雙耳上系上繩子，由于水的浮力，瓶子一接觸水面就自動(dòng)傾斜，灌滿水后又因?yàn)橹匦囊苿?dòng)而自然豎起。用它盛水還有兩大特點(diǎn)，一是便于手提與肩背，二是口小，灌滿水后從河邊到居住區(qū)的路上水不容易漫出。先民們通過長期的實(shí)踐發(fā)現(xiàn)水蒸汽可以熟食，于是制作了陶甑，這是人類歷史上最早利用蒸汽的范例。~小三峽導(dǎo)游詞 陜西大雁塔 黃帝陵導(dǎo)游詞 司馬遷墓導(dǎo)游詞半坡小孩實(shí)行甕棺葬。小孩死后，大人先在房屋附近地上挖個(gè)坑，放個(gè)大陶甕或罐，把小孩尸體放在里面，上面蓋個(gè)陶缽或陶盆，并在當(dāng)中鑿個(gè)洞，可能是供死者靈魂出入的通道。較大的孩子則用兩個(gè)陶甕對(duì)起來埋。孩子埋葬在房屋附近，這充分表達(dá)了父母對(duì)子女的眷戀之情。半坡出土的小孩甕棺共有73個(gè)。由于當(dāng)時(shí)自然條件很差，人們的生活十分艱苦，加之疾病流行，小孩死亡率很高。