【正文】 治地位 the dominant role/ the ascendancy / the hegemony of English 方言 dialect/vernacular/the indigenous language小語(yǔ)種將會(huì)消亡 Lesserknown language will bee extinct/obsolete 小語(yǔ)種的消亡 the extinction/ demise of lesserknown languages 文化遺產(chǎn)包括有形跟無(wú)形兩種，有形的入歷史遺跡，無(wú)形的入風(fēng)俗，儀式，傳統(tǒng)道德觀念等Cultural heritage can be divided into two groups, tangible cultural heritage, such as historic sites and intangible heritage, such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, preserve祖先 forefathers/ ancestors 后代 descendants/posterity(后一個(gè)是不可數(shù)名詞)少數(shù)民族 ethnic minorities 民族團(tuán)結(jié) the harmony between ethnic group/ race文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis 相互影響 interaction文化多元性 cultural diversity 狹隘的觀念 insular/provincial/parochial mentality豐富 enrich 貶低 deprecated/ denigrate/minimize the importance of /disparage/discredit 某事不是一成不變的 something is not set/carved in stone Development類(lèi)常用詞匯生活節(jié)奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated疲勞 fatigue 導(dǎo)致人與人的疏遠(yuǎn)create alienation between people交通堵塞 traffic 過(guò)于功利的 materialistic/ mercenary/moneyworshipping扶貧poverty alleviation 追求最大限度利潤(rùn) pursue maximum profit jams/traffic congestions/grid block(最后一個(gè)是不可數(shù)名詞)阻礙impede/ hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts)富裕的 affluent/ wealthy/ welloff 就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì) job opportunity/employment opportunity 貧窮的needy/ povertystricken/ deprived/destitute撞車(chē)car wrecks/ car accidents行人pedestrians 交通肇事者 traffic accident perpetrators特殊審美價(jià)值的老房子 old buildings of special aesthetic values(注意審美觀的英文說(shuō)法是 aesthetic values 復(fù)數(shù))有歷史特殊意義的老房子 buildings of historic significance民居 vernacular dwellings 讓城市更美觀 beautify the cities/ better the cityscape摩天樓skyscrapers 破舊的房子 decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated搬遷 relocate(vi,vt)拆除tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/ knock down a building城鄉(xiāng)差距the disparity between the city and countryside城市化 urbanization城市的 urban鄉(xiāng)村的 rural在家上班（動(dòng)詞）telemute休閑leisure/recreation精神上的享受 amusement and enjoyment娛樂(lè) entertainment/diversion 寬松的管理laissezfaire management雇用 recruit 運(yùn)營(yíng)成本 operating costs/overhead costs會(huì)導(dǎo)致效率降低的counterproductive 勞動(dòng)力資源 labor pool抑郁癥 depression失眠 sleeplessness/sleepdeprivation/insomnia愛(ài)慕虛榮的 pretentious/ ostentatious 人口爆炸population explosion/population boom營(yíng)養(yǎng)過(guò)剩 over nourishment 控制人口birth control/family planning缺少運(yùn)動(dòng)的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle Environment 類(lèi)常用詞匯生態(tài)平衡 ecological balance / ecological equilibrium節(jié)約使用 conserve(vt)可持續(xù)發(fā)展 sustainable development再利用（動(dòng)詞）reuse/recycle 環(huán)保主義者 environmentalists/ conservationists保護(hù)preserve 對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)害的environmentallyfriendly污染pollute/ contaminate 必須攜手解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題： must make a concerted effort resolve/address environmental wreak havoc on natural resources短缺 shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack 增強(qiáng)公眾關(guān)于…的意識(shí) raise the public awareness of something毒的 poisonous/ toxic 給資源造成很大壓力 put a strain on the already stretched resource增加農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量 boost crop yield可再生資源 renewable resource不可再生資源nonrenewable resource(金屬metal, 礦產(chǎn) minerals, 石油 petroleum, 天然氣natural gas, 煤coal 等，后三種可以總稱(chēng)為fossil fuels)消耗（某種資源）consume/deplete 用盡 use up/ exhaust嚴(yán)厲的措施 harsh action/ measures 生態(tài)系統(tǒng) ecosystem/ ecological system生物多樣性 biodiversity 某一地區(qū)所有的生物的總稱(chēng) the wildlife in a region/the biota(=flora + fauna)of a region 污水effluent/sewage排放discharge溫室效應(yīng) greenhouse effect /global warming嚴(yán)重的severe /grave白色污染產(chǎn)生的垃圾 nonbiodegradable garbage / wastes that cannot depose or break down/ inorganic trash 譴責(zé)而不是縱容 condemn rather than condone(vts)something臭氧層ozone layer耕地 arable land/ farmland 肥沃的土壤 fertile soil貧瘠的土壤infertile soil Crime 類(lèi)常用詞匯觸犯法律 break/ violate/ flout/ disobey the law犯罪 mit a crime罪行offences/crimes/ criminal acts罪犯 criminal/ offender/ perpetrator 從犯 acplice /accessory(noun)囚犯 inmate/convicts 憎恨社會(huì) resent society/ hold a grudge against society牢房cell 受害者 victim心理創(chuàng)傷 trauma 被繩之以法be brought to justice監(jiān)禁 imprison寬容的 lenient執(zhí)法部門(mén) law enforcement 改造罪犯 reform/ rehabilitate criminals agencies重罪 heinous crime/ flagitious crime/ felony輕罪 petty crime /misdemeanor初犯的人 firsttime offender慣犯 hardened criminals/ repeat criminals再次犯罪revert to crime守法的公民 lawabiding citizens遵守法律 abide by/ ply with the law無(wú)視… disregard給某人造成心理創(chuàng)傷 traumatize someone抓捕 track down/ hunt down/ capture 犯罪傾向 criminal tendency Globalization 類(lèi)常用詞匯(一個(gè)國(guó)家或者地區(qū)的)文化特性（national or regional）cultural identity全球文化同一化過(guò)程（名詞，即地區(qū)文化特征的消失）global cultural homogenization 文化同一性（或者叫文化均質(zhì)性，名詞）cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 全球化是一把雙刃劍Globalization is a twoedge amp。 Family 類(lèi)常用詞匯兩性平等 gender equality性別歧視 sexism/ gender discrimination 一個(gè)開(kāi)明的社會(huì)a progressive/ enlightened society 被家務(wù)事拖累 be tied down by household chores 生育孩子 child bearing(noun)撫養(yǎng)孩子 child rearing(noun)母性的本能 maternal instinct家務(wù) housework / household chores 老年人 elderly people/ senior citizens家庭成員間的情感紐帶 family bonds/ family ties歸屬感 a sense of belonging對(duì)…的依戀 an attachment to an affinity for something 貧窮的家庭 deprived families富裕的家庭 affluent families 單親家庭 singleparent household虐待 mistreat/ abuse家庭暴力 domestic violence毒品上癮 addiction to drugs/ be addicted to drugs