【正文】 as shown in figure a connection is implied in all operational amplifier dual [?dju:?l]兩部分電源供給到這些單元中的每一個(gè)，如在圖4中所示的連接。這樣的連接是隱含在所有的運(yùn)算放大器電路。雙電源呈現(xiàn)相同的絕對(duì)電壓值從任一側(cè)接地，而中心連接最終定義的公共線和接地電位。例外情況是可以使用單個(gè)電源的ac放大器電路。這是通過(guò)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)浮動(dòng)的ac地面的隔直流電容器。在這種電路中，“半電源”的來(lái)源創(chuàng)建一個(gè)“虛擬地”正好有一半之間的正電源和接地電位的方法。electrical circuit models電氣電路模型 the simplified models of the differential [?d?f??ren??l] 差分input operational amplifiers are shown in figures 6 and 。as indicated in figure 6, the operational amplifier can be represented by an ideal voltage source whose value depends on the input voltage appearing across the inverting and noninverting inputs plus the effects of finite [?fainait] 有限input and output impedances [im?pi:d?ns] value, a, is known as the open loop(without feedback)gain of the operational ，運(yùn)算放大器可以表示為一個(gè)理想電壓源，其值取決于對(duì)輸入電壓的兩端出現(xiàn)的反相和非反相輸入端加上有限的輸入和輸出阻抗的影響。值，a，是被稱為在運(yùn)算放大器的開(kāi)環(huán)增益（沒(méi)有反饋）。the simplified model of the differential output operational amplifier(figure 7)is an accurate [??kjurit] approximation [??pr?ks??me???n]近似值only under special conditions of feedback(see “balanced amplifier” later in this handbook).figure 6 represents the model of the differential output type when it is used as a single ended output device。the inverting output simply being （圖7）是一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確近似，僅在特殊條件下的反饋（見(jiàn)“平衡放大器”，在本手冊(cè)后面）。圖6表示的差分輸出的模型類型時(shí)，它被用作一個(gè)單端輸出的移動(dòng)設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單地被忽略的反相輸出。the ideal operational amplifier理想運(yùn)算放大器 in order to introduce operational amplifier circuitry, we will use an ideal model of the operational amplifier to simplify the mathematics [?m?θi?m?tiks] involved in deriving gain expressions, etc., for the circuits this understanding as a basis, it will be convenient to describe the properties of the real devices themselves in later sections, and finally to investigate circuits utilizing practical operational ，我們將使用一個(gè)理想的模型簡(jiǎn)化中獲得的電路增益表達(dá)式等，所涉及的數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算放大器的。有了這樣的認(rèn)識(shí)，以此為基礎(chǔ)，可以方便的真實(shí)設(shè)備本身在后面的章節(jié)中描述的屬性，最后調(diào)查利用實(shí)際的運(yùn)算放大器電路。to begin the presentation of operational amplifier circuitry [?s?:kitri], then, it is necessary first of all to define the properties of a mythical “perfect” operational model of an ideal operational amplifier is shown in figure ，那么，它是必要的，首先要定義一個(gè)神話般的“完美”的運(yùn)算放大器的性能。理想的運(yùn)算放大器的模型是在圖9中所示。defining the ideal operational amplifier ?= gain: the primary function of an amplifier is to amplify, so the more gain the can always be reduced with external circuitry, so we assume gain to be infinite [?infinit]：放大器的主要功能是放大的，所以更多的獲得更好。它總是可以減少與外部電路，所以我們假設(shè)增益是無(wú)限 ?= input impedance: input impedance is assumed to be is so the driving source won’t be affected by power being drawn by the ideal operational ：輸入阻抗被認(rèn)為是無(wú)限的。這是這樣的驅(qū)動(dòng)源將不會(huì)受到影響被繪制了理想的運(yùn)算放大器的功率。?= output impedance: the output impedance of the ideal operational amplifier is assumed to be then can supply as much current as necessary to the load being ：理想的運(yùn)算放大器的輸出阻抗被假定為零。然后，它可以提供盡可能多的電流所必需的被驅(qū)動(dòng)的負(fù)載。?= response time: the output must occur at the same time as the inverting input so the response time is assumed to be shift will be 180?.frequency response will be flat and bandwidth infinite because ac will be simply a rapidly varying dc level to the ideal ：輸出必須在相同的時(shí)間發(fā)生的反相輸入端，這樣的響應(yīng)時(shí)間被假定為零。相移為180?。頻率響應(yīng)是平的，無(wú)限的，因?yàn)榻涣鲿?huì)只是一個(gè)快速變化的dc電平的理想放大器的帶寬。?= offset: the amplifier output will be zero when a zero signal appears between the inverting and noninverting ：當(dāng)一個(gè)零信號(hào)之間出現(xiàn)的反相和非反相輸入端，放大器的輸出將為零。circuits and analyses using the ideal operational amplifier用理想運(yùn)算放大器的電路及分析the desirability of feedback是可取的反饋 consider the open loop amplifier used in the circuit of figure that no current flows from the source into the inverting inputhence, there is no voltage drop across rs and es appears across the amplifier es is zero, the output is es takes on any nonzero value, the output voltage increases to saturation [?s?t???re???n] 飽和, and the amplifier acts as a 。請(qǐng)注意，從源代碼編譯成的反相輸入端因此沒(méi)有電流流過(guò)，有沒(méi)有rs兩端的電壓降和es出現(xiàn)整個(gè)放大器的輸入。當(dāng)es是零，其輸出為零。如果es承擔(dān)任何非零的值，輸出電壓增大到飽和，該放大器作為一個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)。the open loop amplifier is not practical一旦一個(gè)運(yùn)算放大器推到飽和，它的行為是不可預(yù)測(cè)的。未指定恢復(fù)時(shí)間從飽和運(yùn)算放大器的（除了電壓限制類型）。它可能無(wú)法收回。輸出鎖存。作為輸出級(jí)試圖把車開(kāi)到一個(gè)或其他鐵路的一些運(yùn)算放大器，尤其是軌到軌車型，可能會(huì)吸引大量的電流輸出結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)于運(yùn)算放大器開(kāi)環(huán)運(yùn)行的詳細(xì)信息，請(qǐng)參閱參考文獻(xiàn)1。two important feedback circuits篇四：專業(yè)英語(yǔ)演講稿范文專業(yè)英語(yǔ)演講稿范文feet, the carriers of life good morning, ladies and would like to tell you about an unusual was surprised and amused when our teacher told us our homework was to wash our feet i slowly soaped and rinsed my feet, i was beginning to understand why my teacher launched such a wanted us to realize that 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