【正文】 ……..……………………..……..……….11 Addition…………………..………………...……..………...11 Omission……………………………….………….………..12 Mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions……………………………..…...…………………….13 Requirement for the translators…………....….…………..……..13 CHAPTER V Conclusion………………………….…………….…….15 Acknowledgements………………………….…….……………..……16 Works Cited……………………………………….………….………..17VCHAPTER IIntroduction Objective of the studyThe research objective of the study is to examine the translation problems in the ChineseEnglish public signs translation and further propose the translation strategies as well as principles suitable for specific studies begin with the careful and long period of observation of the problems existing in the public signs the basis of the classification of the translation errors proposed by Christiane Nord, the author aims at the most appropriate translation strategies for each the examination of sufficient sources, the author finds that it is not difficult to eliminate the errors at linguistic level since the text of the public signs is less plex than documentary and other instrumental texts due to its conciseness and directness features(Ni 18). Significance of the studyPublic Signs affect people’s life in a tremendous somebody smokes, it is the public sign that stops fascinating and mysterious spots where we have never been to, it is the public sign that teaches us related visitors from all walks of life，such as entrepreneurs，professors，students and tourists e to China for various purposes．But for most of them，they know little about Chinese．In this case，it is necessary to translate Chinese public signs into English for the convenience of these foreign visitors．In this case, a proper translation helps establish a good image of China and enhance the cultural Structure of the paperThe paper is structured with five chapters：The first chapter is a general introduction to the thesis, including the objective of the study, the structure of the thesis and the significance of the second chapter makes a general introduction to public sign, including the definition and functions of public third chapter focuses on the problems of CE translation of public signs from linguistics and cultural fourth chapter deals with translation strategies of CE public signs in connection with principles, methods and the standardization for the translators, including modification, addition, omission and mutual transformation of affirmative and negative the fifth chapter draws a conclusion to the paper，in which the author appeals for translators and scholars to make contributions to the CE translation of public signs．CHAPTER II General Introduction to Public Signs Definition of Public Signs Public Signs，which are usually called“signs”，include public notices，advertisements，slogans and expressions on the public signs．Public signs refer to “signs” in English and are defined in different to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(1997)，a sign is a piece of paper, metal, or wood with words or a picture that gives information，warnings，or that sense, public sign is the general terms for indicators，signs，traffic signs, posters, slogans, warning, short notices，short instructions，stickers，and are being the catch word and the buzzword．All in all, public signs are so widely used and played important roles in our daily Functions of Public Signs Public signs are essential to the normal operation of the society and their influence is also visible in almost every aspect of our daily life．Sometimes，we have to admit that our lives cannot do without the proper guidance that public signs provide to us．However, what usually happens is that we are prone to be bewildered by various public signs and the enormous information they convey to us．Therefore, it would be necessary to classify the public signs in terms of their functions as well as the status of information that they deliver． Directing functionDirecting is the most basic function of public signs, this type of public signs is used to give readers related information about what the institution is，what it deals with and what kind of service it can provide．For example:Take Away(外賣)，Gas Station(加油站), Emergency Exit(緊急出口), Business Hours(營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間)，Pause(暫停)，Menu(菜單)，Airport Security(機(jī)場(chǎng)安檢).From the examples above we may tell that the language and the tone of these public signs are generally neutral，reflecting no attitude towards receptors．Therefore，public signs of this kind are purely informative rather than vocative． Prompting functionPromoting signs are similar to the directive ones in their informative the difference is the former ．carries the tone of warning，reminding the readers to pay some attention to certain things or activities．For example：Keep Clear(請(qǐng)保持清潔), Keep Silence(請(qǐng)保持安靜), Wet Paint(油漆未干)，F(xiàn)ully Booked(客滿)，Beware of Pickpockets(小心扒手)，Maximum Height(限高). Restricting functionPublic Signs with restricting function impose restriction or even prohibition on language used in this kind of signs are simple and direct but are not in rude，tough or impolite way．We can list some of them as following：Pay In Cash(現(xiàn)金支付), Slow Out(減速慢行), Keep Silence(保持安靜), 30 Minutes Parking(限停30分鐘), Seat By Number(對(duì)號(hào)入座), Stand In Line(排隊(duì)等候). Compelling functionCompelling function is the strongest considerable is used to prohibit the readers to do something or must do language used is usually forceful，with no possibility of making a promise．The sign with this function which we mostly often see is“No Smoking禁止吸煙”，that is to say that smoking ispletely forbidden．Imperative sentence is not enough to express this strong mood，usually, we use“No+?”form，for example，“No Food禁止攜帶食物”．More examples：Don’t Touch(禁止觸摸), No Cameras(禁止拍照)，No Visitors(游客止步), No Trucks(卡車禁止通行), Dogs Not Allowed(禁止帶狗入內(nèi)).Translation of the public signs, translators not only need to grasp their function features since we use different mood to express different function, but also shou