【導(dǎo)讀】《魯濱遜漂流記》是18世紀(jì)英國作家丹尼爾.笛福的代表作，是英國歷險(xiǎn)小說的源頭，也是一部帶有強(qiáng)烈殖民主義意識的文學(xué)作品。它不僅生動(dòng)地講述了小說主人公魯濱遜開拓荒。島的詳細(xì)過程，也描繪了他馴服改造原始部族人“星期五”的手段和策略。本課題著重以“后

　　

【正文】 l, we could find that they had the character of simplicity, friendliness and wisdom. When Robinson asked some food to eat, they were so kindly to fetch the food for the stranger. They were not as foolish as we originally imagined, and thought out a good idea to give the food to Robinson within precaution of each other: “they took a safe way for us all, for they brought it to the shore and laid it down, and went and stood a great way off till we fetched it on board and then came close to us again.”(Defoe, 22) They lived with nature, and mastered many skills to support their life. They did much better work at taking off the skin of the leopard only with the sharpened piece of wood. However, in the whites? eyes, they were stereotypically contented fool, offensive, ugly, suppositious, lazy, weird and pessimistic. They were still unavoidable to depict as ugly people with quite black and stark naked, “The 攀枝花學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 Body 9 women were as stark naked as the men”. (Defoe, 24) They looked strong, while in front of the beasts, they were extremely frightened and were vulnerable to the attack of wild animals. They had no arms except a long slender stick that they would throw them a great distance with good aim, though it couldn?t resist the attack of the wild beasts. When they saw Robinson?s advanced arms—gun and powder that he used to kill the leopard as a reward for their food, they were so astonished that “some of them were even ready to die for fear, and fell down as dead with terror”. (Defoe, 23) Besides, the foolish local people worshiped the gun and guntaker。 and they thought he were the God from the heaven. Here Defoe portrayed their foolishness pretty well and indicated that only the noise and the fire of the colonist?s gun could conquer one nation to another. Naturally, such foolish people needed to be civilized by the kind and just whites. 3. The Cruel Cannibals—the American Indians Another opposition of the civilization was the cruel cannibals. Friday lived in a savage tribe with the nature of eating man?s flesh. Such behavior is unacceptable in a civilized society, since it was the most inhuman and evil behavior in the world. Thus those westerners took the chance to construct “the other?s” images and found a good justification for their construction. In colonial literature, it always narrated that God abandoned those cannibals. Robinson Crusoe was the same, and as followed, “Who, as to me, were innocent and whose barbarous customs were their own disaster, being them a token indeed of God?s having left them, with the other nations of that part of that world, to such stupidity and inhuman courses…But that unless something offered that was more a call to me than yet I knew of, I would not meddle with them.”(Defoe, 187) They were impressed us that they were Idolaters and Barbarians, and had several bloody and Barbarous Rites in their Customs, such as sacrificing human bodies to their idols. When they held a maneating feast, they danced ugly around the fire. However, the fact about “cannibals” needed to be proved. The story of “cannibal” firstly appeared in Columbus?s journals and letters and it turned out to be created by him. According to the survey, he never met any cannibals. (Arnold, 3) Columbus was good at word invention, just the same as the invention of America 攀枝花學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 Body 10 Indians. (Motohashi, 8189) While the first reference of the tribe of cannibals was in Shakespeare?s last drama the Storm and the most impressed character was a savage called “Caliban”.（張德明 , 2021： 113） Some scholars thought that the originality of cannibal was mostly associated with him. (彼得 .休姆 , 2021： 158) Although in the novel, we could find the narration that the westerners particular the Spaniards was notorious of killing those natives barbarously, though it was just used a few words to refer the fact: “by all which I understood he meant the Spaniards, whose cruelties in Americans had been spread over the whole countries and was remembered by all the nations from father to son.”(Defoe, 173) However, in documentary there was evident that the barbarous treatment of the Spaniards to the inhabitants was abhorrent. Ⅱ . Cultural Colonization: Bringing Civilization to the Savage—Friday Above colonial discourses in the fiction constructed the ugly and barbarous image of “the other” to us and especially the bloody custom of cannibals could not accept in any civilized society. Therefore, spreading “civilization” to “the other” was natural and inevitable in Robinson?s plan. Instructing the savage—Friday to a civilized man became his great task. From the novel, we had learned that Robinson appeared in front of the savage—Friday as a deliver. He saved Friday from the cruel and bloody killing with advanced European arms. The delivered poor man used his own way to express his exceeding gratitude: kneeling down every ten or twelve steps in token of acknowledgment for saving his life and at length he came close to Robinson, and then he kneeled down again, kissed the ground, and laid his head upon the ground, and, taking the white by the foot, set the foot upon his head。 while Robinson twisted that it was in token of swearing to be his slave forever. Consequently, Friday not only lost his liberty, but also suffered culture construction and finally reduced to the dilemma of losing his national culture identity. A. Changing Their Primitive Life Style Into an Easier Life Firstly, it was changing their primitive lifestyle: eating men?s flesh, the habit of 攀枝花學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 Body 11 being naked and using wooden tools and arms. Such civilization was still in the first stage of the society: p