【導(dǎo)讀】一部帶有強烈殖民主義意識的文學(xué)作品。它不僅生動地講述了小說主人公魯濱遜開拓荒島的。詳細過程，也描繪了他馴服改造原始部族人“星期五”的手段和策略。本課題著重以“后殖民。入手，對《魯濱遜漂流記》中所建立起的宗主國/殖民地，奴隸主/奴隸，白種人/有色人，中心文化/邊緣文化，文明/野蠻，基督教/食人部族等二元對立的殖民話語體系進行解構(gòu)，成自我身份喪失的窘境。本課題為讀者重讀經(jīng)典開辟了一個新的視角，也為讀者審視殖民者。的文化統(tǒng)治提供了一個典型個案。

　　

【正文】 h as sacrificing human bodies to their idols. When they held a maneating feast, they danced ugly around the fire. However, the fact about “cannibals” needed to be proved. The story of “cannibal” firstly appeared in Columbus?s journals and letters and it turned out to be created by him. According to the survey, he never met any cannibals. (Arnold, 3) Columbus was good at word invention, just the same as the invention of America Indians. (Motohashi, 8189) While the first reference of the tribe of cannibals was in Shakespeare?s last drama the Storm and the most impressed character was a savage called “Caliban”.（張德明 , 2021：113） Some scholars thought that the originality of cannibal was mostly associated with him. (彼得 .休姆 , 2021： 158) Although in the novel, we could find the narration that the westerners particular the Spaniards was notorious of killing those natives barbarously, though it was just used a few words to refer the fact: “by all which I understood he meant the Spaniards, whose cruelties in Americans had been spread over the whole countries and was remembered by all the nations from father to son.”(Defoe, 173) However, in documentary there was evident that the barbarous treatment of the Spaniards to the inhabitants was abhorrent. Ⅱ . Cultural Colonization: Bringing Civilization to the Savage—Friday Above colonial discourses in the fiction constructed the ugly and barbarous image of “the other” to us and especially the bloody custom of cannibals could not accept in any civilized society. Therefore, spreading “civilization” to “the other” was natural and inevitable in Robinson?s plan. Instructing the savage—Friday to a civilized man became his great task. From the novel, we had learned that Robinson appeared in front of the savage—Friday as a deliver. He saved Friday from the cruel and bloody killing with advanced European arms. The delivered poor man used his own way to express his exceeding gratitude: kneeling down every ten or twelve steps in token of acknowledgment for saving his life and at length he came close to Robinson, and then he kneeled down again, kissed the ground, and laid his head upon the ground, and, taking the white by the foot, set the foot upon his head。 while Robinson twisted that it was in token of swearing to be his slave forever. Consequently, Friday not only lost his liberty, but also suffered culture construction and finally reduced to the dilemma of losing his national culture identity. A. Changing Their Primitive Life Style Into an Easier Life Firstly, it was changing their primitive lifestyle: eating men?s flesh, the habit of being naked and using wooden tools and arms. Such civilization was still in the first stage of the society: primitive society. On the contrary, the white had already experienced the Renaissance with the core of Humanism, and advanced science and technology and prosperous economy. And they never planed to have them lead a happy life. Bringing civilization to the savage—Friday was a strategy to carry out their culture colonization. 1. Getting Rid of the Habit of Maneating In order to change Friday?s nature of cannibal, Robinson tried to let his man taste other flesh, and made him aware that it was both inhuman and cruel to do that. This seemed apparently good to the local people?s civilization. But it was unjust that covered all the civilizations of the Indies. Furthermore, from the novel, we found that they ate man?s flesh just when they were in the war. In daily life, they never ate man. And from history, we learned that the Indians in America made great contribution to the world?s civilization. American crops like corn took root in Africa and contributed to better nutrition and higher population that perhaps promoted the slave trade itself. Likewise, American potato was introduced to Europe and became the dominant food staple in Ireland. The tobaccos brought to Europe, which stimulated their economy. However, in this novel, their cultures were removed. What was worse, they were distorted as the most savaged people, which was the mon means those colonial literatures used. 2. Making Clothes for “Friday” For another thing, Friday?s nation together with the black people inhabited along the African coast was stark naked, which was obviously against the modern civilization and needed to be changed. This was the second step Robinson spread his colonial culture. In Robinson?s mind, after he had Friday wear the sewed clothes, he praised his man turned out to be a handsome and decent man as the white. It put as the following, “He was a ely, handsome fellow, perfectly well made, with straight strong limbs, not too large。 tall and wellshaped, and, as I reckon, about twentysix years of age. He had a very good countenance, not a fierce and surly aspect. But seemed to have something very manly in his face, and yet he had all the sweetness and softness of a European in his countenance too, especially when he smiled. His hair was long and black, not curled like wool。 his forehead very high, and large, and a great vivacity and sparkling sharpness in his eyes. The color of his skin was not quite black, but very tawny。 and yet not of an ugly, yellow, nauseous tawny, as the Brazilians and Virginians, and other natives of America are。 but of a bright kind of a dun olive color that had in it something very agreeable。 though not very easy to describe. His face was round and plump。 his nose small, not flat like the Negroes。 a very good mouth, thin lips, and his line teeth well set, and white as ivory.”(Defoe, 165) Briefly, under the white?s dressing up, the colonial people would bee as goodlooking as themselves. In contrast, the people with naked body meant ugly and uncivilized images. Moreover, Defoe once described that in the island “the weather was so violent hot that there was no need of clothes.”(Defoe, 107)