【正文】 involves several plicated some… For others…（要說出該現(xiàn)象的理由不容易，因?yàn)檫@種現(xiàn)象涉及了好幾個(gè)復(fù)雜的因素。一些??；另一些??）(4)You don’t have to look very far to find out the reason why …（找到??的原因不很費(fèi)力。）(5)Why …? The answer to this question involves many plex factors(reasons).In the first place,…In the second place,…Firstly,…（為什么??？回答這個(gè)問題要涉及到許多復(fù)雜的因素/原因。首先，??；其次，??；最后，??）(6)A number of factors could account for(contribute to, lead to, result in)the…（許多因素將說明/導(dǎo)致??）(7)The cause for…perhaps, are include…Perhaps the main cause is…（??的原因也許很復(fù)雜。它們包括??。也許主要原因是??）(8)Thanks to(Owing to, Due to, Because of, As a result of)…（多虧/由于/因?yàn)??）(9)…not only because …but alse because…（??不僅是因?yàn)??，同時(shí)也由于??）(10)One tends to regard the …as a result of…（人們往往把??認(rèn)為是??的結(jié)果。）(11)…is partly(solely)responsible for the …（??要對??負(fù)部分/全部責(zé)任。）(12)There are a number of grave consequences of …Perhaps the most consequence is…（這里有很多??的嚴(yán)重后果?；蛟S最嚴(yán)重的后果是??）(13)It will exert a profound influence on…（它將對??產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。）(14)The effect of …h(huán)as not been confined to …It alse …（??的影響不久局限于??。它也??）(15)It brings some serious consequences of…（它帶來了一些??的嚴(yán)重后果。）、對照論述時(shí)常用的句型在寫作中，特別是在寫議論文時(shí)，常常要對兩種觀點(diǎn)或兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較與對照，分析它們各自的優(yōu)劣，然后得出令人信服的結(jié)論，做出正確的選擇。(1)The advantages of A are much greater than the disadvantages A entails.（A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)比它的缺點(diǎn)大得多。）(2)The advantages derived from A far outweigh the disadvantages from B.（和B相比我們從A中換取的益處更大。）(3)Although A has a advantage of …, it can’t be pared with B in…（盡管A在??方面有更大的優(yōu)勢，但在??方面卻不能和B相比。）(4)When then advantage and disadvantage are pared , the most striking conclusion is quite obvious.（當(dāng)對其優(yōu)、缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對比時(shí)，最清楚的結(jié)論就顯而易見了。）(5)A means nothing when B is taken into consideration.（當(dāng)考慮到B的時(shí)候，A就沒有什么意義了。）(6)Indeed, A plays a more /less important role when pared with B.（的確，和B相比，A起著更重要/不很重要的作用。）(7)A may be superior to B, but it has its own one thing …For another …（A也許優(yōu)于B，但它自身也存在問題。首先，??；其次，??）(8)In spite of disadvantages B has, it has its beneficial affects.（盡管B有這些劣勢，但它還有其有利的方面。）(9)There is no doubt that it has both negative affects and positive affects.（毫無疑問，它既有副作用也有積極的作用。）(10)However, it is not without weaknesses(limits).The principal one is …Besides, …（不過，它并不是沒有缺點(diǎn)/局限。主要的缺點(diǎn)/局限是??。此外，??）(11)A and B have several things in …（A和B在許多地方有共同之處。它們兩者都??）(12)There are some marked differences between A and B, A…（A和B之間有顯著的區(qū)別。和B不同，A??）(13)A and B are different in several ways.（A和B在好幾個(gè)方面都有不同之處。）(14)A…, on the contrary(on the other hand, whereas)B…（A??，相反/而B??）(15)Both A and B …But they are quite different as to …Unlike B, A…（A和B都??。但就??方面來說。它們有很大的差異。和B不同，A??）不破則不立。寫作者要闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)，常需要對不同的或不贊成的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行批駁。寫作時(shí)，一般先引出要駁斥的觀點(diǎn)，然后直接進(jìn)行批駁。(1)Although everyone believes that …I doubt whether the argument bears much analysis.（盡管人人都認(rèn)為??，我懷疑這個(gè)論點(diǎn)是否經(jīng)得住分析。）(2)Although the popular belief is that …, a recent study(survey, investigation)reveals that…（盡管普遍認(rèn)為??，但最近的一項(xiàng)研究/調(diào)查揭示??。）(3)While the tendency to … is understandable, one may wonder whether …is fair.（雖然??的趨勢是可以理解的，但人們可能會(huì)想這??是否公平。）(4)Although it is widely accepted that …,it is unlikely to be true that…（盡管大家都認(rèn)為??，但??卻不大可能是真的。）(5)Many people claim(argue)that But this claim(argument)may be questioned.（許多人聲稱/爭論說??。但這種觀點(diǎn)值得懷疑。）(6)The majority of people have been taken in by the idea that …There is no such thing as the good …for …（大多數(shù)人都被??觀點(diǎn)所欺騙。對??來說，事情卻沒有那么好。）(7)They may be right in saying that …, but they seen to fail to take notice of the fact that …（他們說??，那也許是正確的，但他們是乎沒有注意到??）(8)It is true that …, but it doesn’t follow that …（??這是對的，但這并不等于說??）(9)Admittedly, …, but it doesn’t necessary mean that…（必須承認(rèn)，??但這并不意味??）(10)Some people suggest that…But what these people fail to see is that…（有人建議??。但那些被人們忽視的是??）(11)There is an element of truth in these arguments, but they ignore a deeper and more essential fact…（在這些論點(diǎn)里的確有正確的成分，但他們忽視了一個(gè)更深層次、更重要的事實(shí)??）(12)This opinion sounds reasonable at first close analysis of it , however ,would reveal how groundless it is.(咋一想，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)聽起來有道理。不過，仔細(xì)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)它是多么站不住腳啊。)(13)Some people argue that…but more often than not, the opposite is usually true.(14)It takes no sense to argue for …, but object to…（有些人認(rèn)為??，但通常正確的卻是相反）(15)It would be foolish to believe that…And it would be more foolish to think that…（相信??是愚蠢的。認(rèn)為??就更加愚蠢。）(16)The fatal flaw in the view is that it fails to take …into account.（這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的致命錯(cuò)誤是它沒有考慮到??）在寫作中作者為了說明自己的觀點(diǎn)，往往需要引用具體的事例加以說明。這些例子由于是發(fā)生在我們生活周圍活生生的具體事例或?yàn)槲覀兯熘氖录?、他人（一般常是廣為人知的人物）軼事，因而顯得真實(shí)可信，具有很強(qiáng)的說服力。(1)For example(For instance)…（例如??）(2)…is frequently cited as a mon example of…（??是一個(gè)經(jīng)常被引用的例子。）(3)A good case in point is best provided by…（??提供了一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?。?4)As an example of …we may take…（作為??的例子，我們可以列舉??）(5)This society is filled with the examples of…（社會(huì)中充滿了??的例子。）(6)Take , for example , a man who…（例如，有一個(gè)??人。）(7)A very similar example can be cited from…（可以引用的相似的例子是??）(8)Numerous other instances might be quoted easily, but this will be sufficient to show that…（還可以很容易地引用其它無數(shù)的事例，但這已足夠說明??）(9)Let us suppose(imagine)that you…Would you …? 我們來假設(shè)你??。你將??？）(10)Just think of…（思考一下??）(11)Just imagine what would happen if …（想象一下如果??，將發(fā)生什么呢？）推理法常用于分析闡述作者觀點(diǎn)，引出作者的判斷和見解；通過假設(shè)、讓步等推理手段來得出結(jié)論。(1)It seems quite unlikely(possible, likely, impossible)that…（??似乎有可能/不可能。）(2)There is very chance(likelihood, possibility)that…（??似乎很可能。）(3)Chances are that…（很可能??）(4)It is perhaps more accurate to say that…（說??，也許更正確些。）(5)It is extremely necessary to say that…（說??，這非常必要的。）(6)It is …that really matters(counts)…（??是真正重要的。）(7)What really disturbs(interests, surprises)us is…（使我們真正煩惱/感興趣/吃驚的是??）(8)It is shocking to find that…（令人震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)??）(9)No wonder that…（無怪乎??）(10)We have much to be said for(against)the view that…（我們很有理由支持/反對??）(11)We can …。we can…But we can never…（我們可以??；我們可以??。但我們永遠(yuǎn)不能??）(12)Traditionally, our society has held a negative attitude toward…（從傳統(tǒng)上講，我們社會(huì)一直對??持否定態(tài)度。）(13)If that is the case, we may…（如果是那樣的話，我們可以??）(14)If our efforts were devoted to…, we would…（如果我們致力??的話，我們將會(huì)??）(15)Anyone with the slightest knowledge of…knows that…（稍有點(diǎn)??知識(shí)的人都知道??）(16)A careful study of…can help us to…（對??仔細(xì)的研究可以幫助我們??）(17)It