【導(dǎo)讀】單片機(jī)即單片微型計(jì)算機(jī)，是集CPU,RAM,ROM,定時(shí)，計(jì)數(shù)和多種接口于一體的微控制器。其中51單片機(jī)是各種單片機(jī)中最為典型和最。本論文選擇AT89S51為核心控制元件，設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)八層電梯系統(tǒng)，使用單片機(jī)匯編語。言進(jìn)行編程，實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)送乘客到任意樓層，并且顯示電梯的樓層和上下行。電梯有成本低，通用性強(qiáng)，靈活性大及易于實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜控制等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

　　

【正文】 ser to understand the structure and mand systems, and other IC applications and system design theory and techniques required by This applicationspecific chip design, so that the chip has a specific function. Different microcontroller have different hardware features and software features, technical features that they are not the same, depending on the hardware features of the internal structure of single chip, users want to use a microcontroller, must know whether this type of product to meet the required functionality and the required application performance index. This technology features include features, control characteristics and electrical characteristics, etc., the information needs of technical manuals from the manufacturers to get. Software feature is the mand system features and development support environment, the mand features that we are familiar with the microcontroller addressing, data processing and logical approach, inputoutput characteristics and power requirements, and so on. Development support environment for patibility and portability, including instructio n, support software (including support for developing applications software resources), and hardware resources. To use a model to develop their own application MCU and grasp the structure and technical characteristics are necessary. SCM control system can replace the previous use of plex electronic circuits or digital circuits of the control system, software control to achieve, and to achieve intelligent MCU control areas are now ubiquitous, such as munication products, home appliances, smart instrumentation, process control and special control devices, etc., microcontroller applications and more extensive. Indeed, the application of SCM significance far beyond the scope of its application or the resulting economic benefits, more importantly, it has fundamentally changed the traditional control methods and design ideas. Control technology is a revolution, is an important milestone. Microcontroller and puter to the parison, in the structure, on the 運(yùn)城學(xué)院計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)系畢業(yè)論文 第 22 –頁(yè) 共 33 頁(yè) instruction set has its uniqueness, its main features are as follows: Single chip ROM and RAM memory are strictly distinguished. ROM as program memory, only the stored procedures and data forms a fixed constant. RAM data memory was used as a work area and storage of user data. Such a structure is mainly on account of SCM used to control the system, there are a large program memory space, the curing process developed in the ROM, while the small amount of random data stored in RAM. In this way, smallcapacity data memory can be integrated in the form of highspeed RAM MCU in order to accelerate the pace of implementation of SCM. But within the single chip RAM is used as a data memory, rather than as a cache memory (CACHE) to use. Controloriented instruction. To satisfy the control needs a stronger microcontroller logic control, especially with strong bit processing power. MCU I / O pins are usually multifunctional. Microcontroller chip pins as the limited number of pins and need to solve real contradiction between the signal line, using the method of multiplexed pin functions. In which pins function may be to set the instruction or by the state machine to distinguish. MCU external expansion capability. In some of the various functions within the application can not meet demand, can be extended in the external (such as extended ROM, RAM, I / O port, timer / counter, interrupt system, etc.), and many chip patible with mon puter interface to application systems designed to bring great convenience and flexibility. SCM is widely used in instruments and meters, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, specialized equipment for the intelligent management and process control and other fields, roughly divided into the following several areas: Intelligent instrumentation in the application: SCM has a small size, low power consumption, the control function is strong, expansion flexibility, miniaturization and ease of use, widely used in instrumentation, the bination of different types of sensors can be realized, such as voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elements, pressure measurement of physical quantities. SCM makes use of digital instruments, intelligence, miniaturization, and capabilities than the use of electronic or digital circuits more powerful. For example, precision measurement equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, various analyzers). Application in industrial control: The MCU can constitute a variety of control systems, data acquisition systems. For example, the intelligent management of the factory assembly line, lift intelligent control, all kinds of alarm systems, and puter work constitutes a secondary control system. In Household appliances: You can say, now basically using the SCM appliance control, pliment from the electric rice, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TV and other audio video equipment, to the electronic weighing equipment, a wide variety , everywhere. In the field of puter works and munication applications: modern munication interface with microcontroller general, you can easily municate with the puter data, puter works and munications in the application of devices provides an excellent physical condition, and now the munications equipment basically realized the MCU intelligent control, from cell phones, 模擬電梯控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 第 23 –頁(yè) 共 33 頁(yè) telephones, small programcontrolled switches, building automation munication call system, train radio munication, to the daily work can be seen everywhere in the mobile phones, trunked mobile munication, wireless munication and so on. SCM in the field of me