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【導(dǎo)讀】20世紀(jì)杰出的美國(guó)兒童文學(xué)作品。這部歷險(xiǎn)記不僅滿足了小讀者的好奇心,而且能夠激發(fā)。他們勇敢進(jìn)取的精神。初步掌握本課文中的詞匯,淺層次理解課文,了解相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)。英語(yǔ)文學(xué),并且掌握有關(guān)的詞匯,培養(yǎng)有關(guān)的語(yǔ)言技能。教師可以圍繞上述主題,設(shè)計(jì)和組。織相關(guān)的活動(dòng),以發(fā)展學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力和交際能力?!鷮W(xué)生閱讀“美文閱讀”與“誘思導(dǎo)學(xué)”?!鷮W(xué)生就“話題美文導(dǎo)讀”進(jìn)行討論,統(tǒng)一答案。

  

【正文】 g their homes after the earthquake. ③ They for Beijing just after eight. 【答案】 ① is set in ② set about ③ set off 觀察下列從文中選取的句子,體會(huì)動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式及用法。 ① We let the raft sail down the river. ② I don39。t want to board a sinking ship. ③ He agreed to go. ④ Then we heard someone shout. ⑤ I could see a man lying on the floor, tied up with rope. ⑥ The frightened man on the floor started crying. [自我總結(jié) ] 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括:動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的 ing形式和動(dòng)詞的 ed 形式三種。句 ①④ 中的 sail和 shout 是省略 to 的 形式;句 ② 中的 sinking 和句 ⑥ 中的 frightened 在句中作 ;句 ③ 中的不定式和句 ⑥ 中的 crying作 ;句 ⑤ 中的 lying作 。 【答案】 不定式;定語(yǔ);賓語(yǔ);補(bǔ)語(yǔ) Ⅰ .不定式作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 一、不定式作賓語(yǔ) 1.能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn) 的有: want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer , warn, request 等。 She pretended not to see me when I came in. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),她假裝沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)我。 I hope to go to Shanghai this summer. 我希望今年夏天去上海。 He asked to be sent to work in Tibet. 他要求被派到西藏工作。 【提示】 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),需用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2.不定式作介詞的賓語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的有 but 和 except(除了 )。如 but 或 except前有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do 的某種形式時(shí),不定式要省略 to,反之,不省。 I have nothing to do but sit here. 除了坐在這里我沒(méi)什么事做。 He has no choice but to stay there. 他除了待在這里,別無(wú)選擇。 【提示】 ① 疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的功能相當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞 性從句。在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、 表語(yǔ)。也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 ② 不定式作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),須先用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ),而把不定式放到賓補(bǔ)之后。常見(jiàn)的詞有: find, feel, make, consider 等。 Can you give me some advice on how to work out the problem? 關(guān)于如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題你能給我一些建議嗎? I find it interesting to play the violin. 我覺(jué)得拉小提琴很有意思。 二、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 1.跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: advise, allow, beg, tell, ask, order, persuade, cause, force, forbid, invite, request, want, warn 等。 Do you want me to help you?你需要我?guī)兔幔? Tell the boys not to play in the street. 告訴男孩子們不要在街上玩。 2.有些動(dòng)詞,如 make, let, have, see, watch, hear, notice 等,用不帶 to 的不定 式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),但改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不定式要帶 to。 I often hear him sing this song. 我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到他唱這首歌。 (主動(dòng) ) He is often heard to sing this song. (人們 )經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到他唱這首歌。 (被動(dòng) ) Ⅱ .v. ing形式作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 一、 v. ing形式作賓語(yǔ) 1.跟 v. ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 (短語(yǔ) )有: enjoy, admit, avoid, escape, consider(考慮 ),finish, delay, put off, give up, advise, suggest, dislike, mind, miss, practise, 等。 I enjoy watching about you? 我喜歡看電視,你呢? The doctor suggested his giving up smoking. 醫(yī)生建議他戒煙。 【提示】 v. ing 形式作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),須先用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ),而把 v. ing形式放到賓補(bǔ)之后。常見(jiàn)的詞有: find, feel, consider 等。 He feels it no use telling her about it. 他覺(jué)得告訴她這件事情是徒勞無(wú)益的。 2.有些動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ),但在意義上有很大差異。 ????? go on doing go on to do ????? stop doing stop to do 干另一件事 ????? fet doing fet to do ????? remember doing remember to do ????? try doing try to do 、盡力干某事 ????? mean doing mean to do ;想去干某事 ????? can39。t help doing can39。t help to do ????? regret doing regret to do 某事而遺憾 二、 v. ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 1.以下動(dòng)詞后可用 v. ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): see, hear, watch, find, get, keep, notice, listen to, look at, leave, catch 等。 He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓車在門(mén)口等著。 Tom39。s father saw him sitting on the eggs. 湯姆的父親看到他正坐在雞蛋上。 He was caught stealing in the station. 他被看到在車站里偷東西。 2.不定式和 v. ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 在感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, hear, notice 等和使役動(dòng)詞 have 后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后可用這兩種形式。用 v. ing 形式時(shí)表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;而用不帶 to 的不定式,表示的是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。 I heard him singing in the room. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他正在屋里唱歌。 I heard him sing in the room. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他在屋里唱過(guò)歌。 Ⅲ .v. ing形式和 v. ed形式 作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ) 一、作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 1.在語(yǔ)態(tài)上: v. ing 形式表示主動(dòng); v. ed 形式表示被動(dòng)。 2.在時(shí)態(tài)上: v. ing 形式表示的動(dòng)作往往是正在進(jìn)行; v. ed形式表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。 Do you know the girl (who is) dancing with your brother?你認(rèn)識(shí)正和你哥哥跳舞的那個(gè)女孩子嗎? The stolen car (the car which was stolen) was found by the police last 周被 警察找到了。 二、作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征,而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。 Hearing the exciting news, she was too excited to say a ,她激動(dòng)得一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。 The situation is encouraging. 形勢(shì)令人鼓舞。 (對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第 40 頁(yè) ) Ⅰ .單項(xiàng)填空 1. (2021四川高考 )I looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound 【解析】 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 winding its way 與賓語(yǔ) snake 之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且此動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,故選 C。 【答案】 C 2. (2021安徽高考 ) I remembered the door before I left the office, but fot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 【解析】 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在離開(kāi)辦公室之前我記著要去關(guān)門(mén),但是我忘了去關(guān)燈。 remember to do sth.“ 記著去做某事 ” ; remember doing/having done sth.“ 記著做了某事 ” ; remember to have done 是不常用的表達(dá)。此處 but 連接兩個(gè)分句,表示相反的情況,與 fot to do ,故選 B。 【答案】 B 3. (2021全國(guó)卷 Ⅱ )The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy anything that happened to be on. A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched 【解析】 本題考查不定式的用法。句意:老人每天晚上坐在電視機(jī)前,高興地觀看碰巧上演的任何節(jié)目。 happy to do 。此處為不定式作修飾形容詞的狀語(yǔ),故 A項(xiàng)正確。 【答案】 A 4. (2021四川高考 ) Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash 【解析】 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 get 后跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)是 car,與賓補(bǔ) wash 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞形式。句意:在開(kāi)車進(jìn)城市之前,按要求你要把你的車洗干凈。因此答案是 A項(xiàng)。 【答案】 A 5. (2021陜西高考 ) If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but an even greater challenge. A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet 【解析】 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意:如果他承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作,他將別無(wú)選擇只有面對(duì)更大的挑戰(zhàn)。當(dāng) but 前的動(dòng)詞是 do/did/does 時(shí), but后接不帶 to 的不定式;當(dāng) but 前是其他動(dòng)詞時(shí), but 后接帶 to 的不定式 。 【答案】 D Ⅱ .句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. It seemed that he was doing nothing at that time. → He seemed nothing at that time. 2. Marx found that it was necessary to study the situation in Russia. → Marx found necessary the situation in Russia. 3. I regret that I didn39。t e to your birthday party. → I regret to your birthday party. 4. He had someone repair his shoes yesterday. → He his shoes yesterday. 5. She suggested that Robert should go to Paris and try to find a job there. → She suggested to Paris and to find a job there. 【答案】 be doing ;
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