【導讀】發(fā)電技術之間的特點比較。介紹了生物質氣化發(fā)電技術的系統(tǒng)組成和設備。組成，并且著重介紹了氣化發(fā)電的幾種氣化爐。在文章的最后又對生物質。生物質能是唯一一種既可再生又可儲存運輸?shù)哪茉?。生物質發(fā)電主要是利用農業(yè)、林業(yè)和工業(yè)廢棄物為原。料，也可以將城市垃圾為原料，采取直接燃燒或氣化的發(fā)電方式。源緊缺的一種有效途徑。由于我國生物質資源豐富可開發(fā)潛力大而且生物質能發(fā)電?？沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略要求。另外國內相關政策的出臺將打通生物質。質能發(fā)電也將成為朝陽產業(yè)。其原理是將儲藏在生物質中的化學能通過在特定蒸汽鍋。轉子的動能，最后通過發(fā)電機轉化為清潔高效的電能。料在振動爐排上邊燃燒邊移動，燃盡后的爐渣由渣斗排出。燒，并形成高溫煙氣。高溫煙氣逐次通過四級過熱器、省煤器煙

　　

【正文】 積決定的，所以氣相停留時間和白云石和顆粒大小成為催化裂解的重要工藝條件。在同一條件下，氣相停留時間越長，裂解效果越好 .對于不同的接觸方式，氣相停留時間的要求不 同，例如，在 800℃時，對 dp5mm 的固定床，氣相停留時間一般要求在 左右，而對于 的流化床，氣相停留時間僅需 ～ 即可。同樣的白云石的直徑越小，催化效果越好，但顆粒直徑太小，對固定床來說，阻力太大，而對流化床來說飛灰損失太嚴重，所以白云石的直徑有一合適范圍，一般 dp為 ～ 為好 。 Technology of Biomass tar cracking 1 .Characteristics of the biomass tar Biomass gasification, the goal is to get as much bustible gas product, but in the gasification process, coke and tar are the inevitable byproduct. In which the tar was pletely mixed gaseous and bustible gases at low temperatures (typically less than 200 ℃ ) condense to a liquid, so the separation and processing more difficult, especially for gas needs to cool down to use (such as a gas at high temperatures used in family or internal bustion engine power), the problem is more prominent. The presence of tar in a wide range of adverse effects on the gasification First, it reduces the efficiency of gasification, gasification tar products of energy is generally 5 to 15 percent of the total energy, 2021 屆畢業(yè)生論文 —— 生物質能 發(fā)電技術 及前景分析 31 this part of the energy at low temperatures is difficult one with the bustible gas use, and most waste followed by tar condensation for the liquid at low temperature, easy to bine with water, coke and other plug aspirated pipe, so that the gasification equipment operation difficulty. In addition, the condensation of small droplets of tar than gas is difficult to burn out and easy to produce, when burned, such as carbon black particles. Gas use equipment, such as internal bustion engines, gas turbines and other damage is very serious, which greatly reduces the use value of the gasification gas. Tar for the gasification process, ways to put it into bustible gas, both to improve the gasification efficiency, but also reduce the tar content in the gas, increase the value of the use of bustible gas on the development and promotion of biomass gasification power generation technology of decisive importance. Characteristics of the tar Thermal conversion of biomass, the number of tar at the time of conversion, temperature and gas residence time, and the heating rate is also closely related. General biomass tar products of about 500℃ up to, above or below this temperature tar is a corresponding reduction. While at the same temperature, gas residence time is longer, more fully means that the tar cracking. Therefore, with increasing gas residence time, the tar yield will reduce. The position of the tar is very plex position can be analyzed to more than 100 kinds, and there are many ingredients is difficult to determine the main ingredients of at least 20 kinds, mostly derivatives of benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in which content is greater than 5 % of the approximately seven kinds, they are: benzene 7 (benzene), of naphthalene (naphthalene), toluene (toluene), xylene, (xylene), of styrene (styrene), phernol (phenols) and indene (indene), the other ingredient generally less than 5%, a lot of ingredients will be deposed at high temperatures. As temperature increases, the number of ingredients in the tar content is less and less, which under different conditions (temperature, residence time, heating 2021 屆畢業(yè)生論文 —— 生物質能 發(fā)電技術 及前景分析 32 rate) the number and variety of ingredients of the tar content change, any analysis of the results only for specific conditions. According to these characteristics, we should be in the gasification process as much as possible to raise the temperature and gas residence time, to reduce the tar yield and types of produce in order to achieve control of tar in the gasification to reduce the difficulty of gas purification. 2. Catalytic cracking of biomass tar (1)The principle of tar catalytic cracking Take various measures to control the tar generated in the biomass gasification process, but in fact, the tar content of gas is still far beyond the extent of the application allows, so the tar in the gas processing, efficient use of gas essential process, which the catalytic cracking of tar is the most effective and advanced way. Simple washing or filtering approach, but the tar separated from the gas, and waste emissions, a waste of the energy of the tar itself, will produce large amounts of pollution. Tar paralysis tar deposition as a permanent gas, and gas being used. So not only reduce the tar content, and use of energy in the tar. Paralysis requires high temperature (1000℃ ～ 1200℃ ), so the more difficult. The catalytic cracking catalyst, tar paralysis temperature is greatly reduced (about 750℃ ～900℃ ), and improve the efficiency of paralysis, tar cracking in a very short period of time more than 99%. The chemical formula describes the transformation process of paralysis. But no matter what the ingredients, the end product of paralysis and gasification gas position, tar cracking did not significantly affect the quality of gasification gas, but the increase in the number. Tar copies of most of the water vapor in the paralysis process have a key role, because it and some tar were the reaction of CO and H2 gas, they are reducing the production of carbon black, but also improves the yield of gas . For example, naphthalene, catalytic cracking, the following reaction occurs: C10H8+10H2O?10CO+14H2 2021 屆畢業(yè)生論文 —— 生物質能 發(fā)電技術 及前景分析 33 C10H8+20H2O?10CO2+24H2 C10H8+10H2O?2CO+4CO2+6H2+4CH4 Therefore, the water vapor is very conducive to the tar cracking and bustible gases. (2)The characteristics and selection of the catalyst Biomass tar catalytic cracking principle with oil catalytic cracking similar, so the choice of catalyst can be inspired from the oil industry. However, due to the tar catalytic cracking of valueadded, low cost requirements have actual meaning. In addition to the catalyst for the use of the