【正文】 ansformedcoffeedrinking into an extremely popular and profitable industry that is quickly spreading across the other successful consumeroriented businesses with a stranglehold on modern culture(iPod and Google e to mind), big coffeehouse businesses have made their product increasingly userfriendly, highly customizable, and readily accessible to people all around the ，你會經(jīng)常聽見有人這樣點咖啡。像星巴克這樣的大型商業(yè)咖啡連鎖店的出現(xiàn)已經(jīng)將傳統(tǒng)的咖啡飲品轉(zhuǎn)變成一種盈利的流行產(chǎn)業(yè)，并且在全世界范圍內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展。不同于其它的一些以消費者為導(dǎo)向的知名成功產(chǎn)業(yè)束縛了現(xiàn)代文化的發(fā)展（馬上就想到了iPod和Google），大型商業(yè)咖啡連鎖店使他們的產(chǎn)品更具親和力、更適合消費者、更接近全球大眾。Coffee has a history dating back to at least the 9th century and has been a catalyst for social interaction across cultures and discovered in Ethiopia, coffee beans were brought into the Middle East by Arab traders, spreading to Egypt, Yemen, Persia, Turkey, and North Africa by the 15th merchants eventually brought the beans to the thriving port city of Venice, where they sold them to wealthy Italian , the Dutch began importing and growing coffee in places like Java and Ceylon(largely through slave labor), and the British East India Trading Company waspopularizing the beverage in spread across Europe and even reached ，并被看成是一種超越文化和時代限制、促進社會交往的催化劑。最初埃塞俄比亞人發(fā)現(xiàn)了咖啡豆，阿拉伯商人將其帶往中東地區(qū)，并在15世紀傳播到埃及、也門、波斯、土耳其和北非。接著穆斯林商人把這些豆子帶往繁榮的港口城市威尼斯，并將其賣給富有的意大利商人。很快，荷蘭引進咖啡豆并在爪哇、錫蘭（大多是奴隸勞動）等地開始種植。大不列顛東印度貿(mào)易公司將這種飲料在英國普及開來。經(jīng)過這一系列的不斷傳播和發(fā)展，咖啡遍及歐洲，并最終來到美國。Where there has been coffee, there has been the the 15th century Middle Eastern establishments where men gathered to listen to music, play chess, and hear recitations from works of literature, to Paris39。 Cafe le Procope where luminaries of the French Enlightenment such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot came to enjoy a hot cup of joe, coffeehouses have traditionally served as centers of social interaction, places where people can e to relax, chat, and exchange ，哪里就有咖啡屋。從15世紀人們聚集在一起聽歌、下棋、講述文學(xué)作品的中東地區(qū)，到法國啟蒙運動中的文化名人聚集的巴黎普洛各普咖啡館，比如伏爾泰、盧梭、狄德羅就曾經(jīng)來這里品嘗熱咖啡，咖啡館自古以來就是一個供人們休息、聊天、交流思想和進行社會交往的中心。The modern coffee shop is modeled on the espresso and pastrycentered Italian coffeehouses that arose with the establishment of ItalianAmerican immigrantmunities in major US cities such as New York City39。s Little Italy and Greenwich Village, Boston39。s North End, and San Francisco39。s North York coffee shops were often frequented by the Beats in the 195039。 wasn39。t long before Seattle and other parts of the Pacific Northwest were developing coffee shops as part of a thriving counterculture Seattlebased Starbucks took this model and brought it into mainstream ，以至于在很多美國的大城市出現(xiàn)了一系列意大利裔移民聚集區(qū)，比如紐約的小意大利、格林威治村、波士頓北極、舊金山北灘。在20世紀50年代，“垮掉派”也是咖啡館的常客。不久在西雅圖和太平洋西北部的城市也出現(xiàn)了越來越多的咖啡館，并且迅速發(fā)展成為了反傳統(tǒng)文化的中心。源自西雅圖的星巴克利用這種模式，并將其帶入主流文化。Although coffeehouses today continue to serve their traditional purpose as lively social hubs in many munities, they have noticeably adapted to the their purpose as centers of information exchange and munication, many coffee shops now provide their customers with internet access and has beeextremely mon to see someone sitting at a Starbucks listening to music or surfing the web on his or her stores today also maintain a fairly identifiable, yet unique aesthetic: wooden furniture and plush couches, paintings and murals drawn on walls, and softlighting bine to give coffee shops the cozy feeling of a home away from ，在很多地方扮演著社會活動中心的角色，最顯著的特點是它們的時間適應(yīng)性。重新作為信息交換和談?wù)摰闹行?，咖啡館為客人提供上網(wǎng)的途徑和報刊雜志。在星巴克看見有人聽歌或用筆記本上網(wǎng)是極為平常的事情。直到今天咖啡館仍然保持其清晰獨特的審美品味：木制的家具、舒適的沙發(fā)、以及墻上的彩繪和壁畫。所有的一切包括柔和的燈光，都給咖啡館營造了一種舒適安逸的氛圍，仿佛置身于自己的另一個家中。Today, big business retail coffee shops are expanding quickly all over the alone has stores in over 40 countries and plans to add its popularity, Starbucks has been criticized and labeled by many as a bloodsuckingcorporate machine, driving smaller coffee shops out of business through unfair has even spawned an anticorporate coffee counterculture, with those subscribing to this culture boycotting big business coffee popular coffee stores such as The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf are also giving Starbucks some stiff any case, it seems pretty clear that coffee has weaved itself into the fabric of ourconsumeroriented ，大型商業(yè)咖啡零售店在全球迅速發(fā)展。僅僅是星巴克就已經(jīng)遍及全球40多個國家并且還在不斷擴展中。盡管受歡迎，但星巴克還是被有些人指責(zé)或標榜為“吸血鬼機器”，因為它的壟斷使得許多小型咖啡企業(yè)破產(chǎn)。甚至造成了一種反企業(yè)壟斷的非主流文化和與其相呼應(yīng)的抵制大型商業(yè)咖啡連鎖店活動。像香啡繽這樣的咖啡館的興起也增加了星巴克的競爭壓力。無論如何，可以肯定的是，咖啡已經(jīng)將自己置身于以消費者為導(dǎo)向的文化結(jié)構(gòu)中。Coffee, it would seem, is more than just a early on after its inception, coffee has been tied closely with cultural trends and has been indicative of important periods in was poured into the cups of the giants of the French Enlightenment as they changed the course of human thought, it was placed on the backs of Brazilian slaves in the era of Imperialism, it39。s fragrance was in the air as Beat poets like Kerouac andGinsberg wrote of their alienation, and it is here now as the world continues to change in this era of technology and the next time you enjoy your latte or your icecold caramel frappuccino, appreciate the fact that you are connected to countless numbers of people spanning many different cultures and eras through your love of that wondrous beverage: ，咖啡已經(jīng)不僅僅是一種飲料。自始至終，它都和文化發(fā)展緊密相聯(lián)并且成為歷史重要時期的象征?？Х仍诟淖兞巳祟愃枷脒M程的法國啟蒙運動巨人們的杯中緩緩流動；咖啡是帝國主義時代巴西奴隸肩上沉重的負擔(dān)；咖啡在“垮掉派詩人”凱魯亞克和金斯堡描寫孤獨寂寥的空氣中肆意飄香。到了今天，它依舊在這個科技和全球化的時代里隨著世界不斷地發(fā)展和改變。所以下次，在你享受熱鐵拿或冰卡布奇諾時，可以想象一下，你正在穿越文化和時空的界限與無數(shù)的偉人進行思維的交流和碰撞，都是由于對這種美味飲料的熱愛：咖啡。