【導(dǎo)讀】進(jìn)行了歸納總結(jié)。對(duì)應(yīng)急照明的供電及火災(zāi)時(shí)是否切斷，提出了自己的。看法，并論述了應(yīng)急照明線路敷設(shè)、應(yīng)急照明燈具應(yīng)遵循的要求。有關(guān)其應(yīng)急照明的內(nèi)容是一致的，區(qū)別在于是否將安全照明獨(dú)立對(duì)?！墩諛?biāo)》第4、1、2條制定：“照明種類(lèi)可分為正常照明、應(yīng)急照明、值班照明、警衛(wèi)照明和障礙照明。由于近年來(lái)，火災(zāi)的情況不斷發(fā)生，使設(shè)計(jì)工程師在觀念上，一提到應(yīng)急照明就認(rèn)為是火災(zāi)狀態(tài)下的應(yīng)急照明。所以，工程應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，不僅要滿(mǎn)足防火規(guī)范要。日益突出，引起了消防部門(mén)、設(shè)計(jì)單位的高度重視。但是我國(guó)還缺乏完。和《工業(yè)企業(yè)照明設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》都只有原則的規(guī)定，進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，總結(jié)了我國(guó)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。當(dāng)建筑物發(fā)生火災(zāi)或其它災(zāi)害，伴隨著電源中斷，應(yīng)急照明。操作處置，都有重要的作用。一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和國(guó)際照明委員會(huì)都。兩者區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)較適宜。

　　

【正文】 s. On one occasion, Mr. Pickwick put on a pair of spectacles without any glass, rapped upon the table, hemmed, and having stared hard at Mr. Snodgrass, who was tilting back in his chair, till he arranged himself properly, began to read: Jo was alone in the twilight, lying on the old sofa, looking at the fire, and thinking. It was her favorite way of spending the hour of dusk. No one disturbed her, and she used to lie there on Beth39。s little red pillow, planning stories, dreaming dreams, or thinking tender thoughts of the sister who never seemed far away. Her face looked tired, grave, and rather sad, for tomorrow was her birthday, and she was thinking how fast the years went by, how old she was getting, and how little she seemed to have acplished. Almost twenty five, and nothing to show for it. Jo was mistaken in that. There was a good deal to show, and by andby she saw, and was grateful for it. An old maid, that39。s what I39。m to be. A literary spinster, with a pen for a spouse, a family of stories for children, and twenty years hence a morsel of fame, perhaps, when, like poor Johnson, I39。m old and c an39。t enjoy it, solitary, and can39。t share it, independent, and don39。t need it. Well, I needn39。t be a sour saint nor a selfish sinner, and, I dare say, old maids are very fortable when they get used to it, but... And there Jo sighed, as if the prospect was not inviting. It seldom is, at first, and thirty seems the end of all things to f iveandtwenty. But it39。s not as bad as it looks, and one can get on quite happily if one has something in one39。s self to fall back upon. At twenty five, girls begin to talk about being old maids, but secretly resolve that they never will be. At thirty they say nothing about it, but quietly accept the fact, and if sensible, console themselves by remembering that they have twenty more useful, happy years, in which they may be learning to grow old gracefully. Don39。t laugh at the spinsters, dear girls, for often very tender, tragic romances are hidden away in the hearts that beat so quietly under the sober gowns, and many silent sacrifices of youth, health, ambition, love itself, make the fade d faces beautiful in God39。s sight. Even the sad, sour sisters should be kindly dealt with, because they have missed the sweetest part of life, if for no other reason. And looking at them with passion, not contempt, girls in their bloom should remember that they too may miss the blossom time. That rosy cheeks don39。t last forever, that silver threads will e in the bonnie brown hair, and that, by andby, kindness and respect will be as sweet as love and admiration now. Gentlemen, which means boys, be courteous to the old maids, no matter how poor and plain and prim, for the only chivalry worth having is that which is the readiest to pay deference to the old, protect the feeble, and serve womankind, regardless of rank, age, or color. Just recollect the good aunts who have not only lectured and fussed, but nursed and petted, too often without thanks, the scrapes they have helped you out of, the tips they have given you from their small store, the stitches the patient old fingers have set for you, the steps the willing old feet have taken, and gratefully pay the dear old ladies the little attentions that women love to receive as long as they live. The brighteyed girls are quick to see such traits, and will like you all the better for them, and if death, almost the only power that can part 25 mother and son, should rob you of yours, you will be sure to find a tender wele and maternal cherishing from some Aunt Priscilla, who has kept the warmest corner of her lonely old heart for `the best nevvy in the world39。. Jo must have fallen asleep (as I dare say my reader has during this little homily), for suddenly Laurie39。s ghost seemed to sta nd before her, a substantial, lifelike ghost, leaning over her with the very look he used to wear when he felt a good deal and didn39。t like to show it. But, like Jenny in the ballad... She could not think it he, and lay staring up at him in startled silence, till he stooped and kissed her. Then she knew him, and flew up, crying joyfully . .. Oh my Teddy! Oh my Teddy! Dear Jo, you are glad to see me, then? Glad! My blessed boy, words can39。t express my gladness. Where39。s Amy? Your mother has got her down at Meg39。s. We stopped there by the way, and there was no getting my wife out of their clutches. Your what? cried Jo, for Laurie uttered those two words with an unconscious pride and satisfaction which betrayed him. Oh, the dickens! Now I39。ve done it. And he looked so guilty that Jo was down on him like a flash. You39。ve gone and got married! Yes, please, but I never will again. And he went down upon his knees, with a penitent clasping of hands, and a face full of mischief, mirth, and triumph. Actually married? Very much so, thank you. Mercy on us. What dreadful thing will you do next? And Jo fell into her seat with a gasp. A characteristic, but not exactly plimentary, congratulation, returned Laurie, still in an abject attitude, but beaming with satisfaction. What can you expect, when you take one39。s breath away, creeping in like a burglar, and letting cats out of bags like that? Get up, you ridiculous boy, and tell me all about it. Not a word, unless you let me e in my old place, and promise not to barricade. Jo laughed at that as she had not done for many a long day, and patted the sofa invitingly, as she said in a cordial tone, The old pillow is up garret, and we don39。t need it now. So, e and fess, Teddy. How good it sounds to hear you say `Teddy39。! No one ever calls me that but you. And Laurie sat down with an air of great content. What does Amy call you? My lord. That39。s like her. Well, you look it. And Jo39。s eye plainly betrayed that she found her boy elier than ever. The pillow was gone, but there was a barricade, neverthe