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of an item is a big be able to reorganize a presentation in real time gives you practice to react quickly to questions and ments on your own presentation whenthe time , to be able to be brief and tothepoint is a skill worth cultivating in your , to sense what others wanted to but was not able to convey and say it clearly and succinctly for him is the mark of a good listener/ short, I am not remending that you get up and ment on everypaper/presentation you attend(for you will bee a bore very quickly), but listen to every presentation as if you are going to with the italicized paragraph above in of us will only have a few truly good ideas in above remended practice will help you to publicize your ideas when the time me recall a personal incident years ago at a meeting in the English speaker came with a set of transparencies in French(this is before the days of PPT and LCD projectors).His excuse is that he had just gave the presentation in Paris and it is “convenient” for him(., he is lazy)to use the same transparencies even though he will be speaking in English to an English speaking reaction is that this is either disrespect for the audience or he wants to show off his knowledge of the French case is I waited until the Qamp。A period, stood up, and said(in Chinese followed with translations of course)“ I asked the question in Chinese because it is more “convenient” for me to do so.”This brought down the house and I received a standing may have made an enemy but won many friends in the mean this is a nontechnical example, it does illustrate the point I am trying to make concerning “Making ments怎么在會(huì)議上發(fā)言?很少有人不喜歡表達(dá)自己。只要看看博客的流行程度你就知道了。每時(shí)每刻都有人在評(píng)論或者批評(píng)別人的文章。在學(xué)術(shù)工作中,你可以通過(guò)寫(xiě) “ 編讀往來(lái) ” 來(lái)評(píng)論已經(jīng)發(fā)表的文章。一些期刊甚至在每篇文章后面都專設(shè)了“討論”部分,目的也在于此。而更常見(jiàn)的情況是,會(huì)議聽(tīng)眾在每篇論文報(bào)告后的問(wèn)答時(shí)間里有機(jī)會(huì)就報(bào)告的內(nèi)容發(fā)表評(píng)論。發(fā)表評(píng)論除了提出一些合理的問(wèn)題外,還有其他一些目的:.讀者可以借機(jī)宣泄自己的憤怒或挫折感,也可以表達(dá)對(duì)作者觀點(diǎn)的支持。這種形式在博客的匿名評(píng)論中最為普遍。我們這里暫且不談。.它有助于向其他讀者和聽(tīng)眾進(jìn)一步闡明講話的內(nèi)容。.炫耀評(píng)論人自己的知識(shí)和專業(yè)水平。第二點(diǎn)和第三點(diǎn)都是無(wú)可非議的,在所有的評(píng)論中,這兩者占了大多數(shù),不過(guò),要實(shí)現(xiàn)起來(lái)還是有相當(dāng)?shù)碾y度。評(píng)論者一不留心就會(huì)事與愿違,給其他聽(tīng)眾留下壞印象。然而在許多會(huì)議上,我還是不斷看到有人因?yàn)橄氤鲲L(fēng)頭而作出愚蠢的評(píng)論。我想說(shuō)的是,要實(shí)現(xiàn)第二點(diǎn)或者第三點(diǎn),你必須完全理解作者或報(bào)告人想表述但卻因缺乏相應(yīng)技巧而無(wú)法傳達(dá)給讀者的問(wèn)題本質(zhì)。另一方面,你還要比報(bào)告人表達(dá)得更好,能夠通過(guò)口頭表達(dá)就一針見(jiàn)血地闡明問(wèn)題。當(dāng)時(shí)立即要實(shí)現(xiàn)這一切并不是件容易的事情,而且也不是每個(gè)報(bào)告都可以進(jìn)行這樣的評(píng)論。但是,如果你做得恰如其分,就會(huì)給作者或者聽(tīng)眾留下深刻的印象,而且他們會(huì)為此感謝你。我建議那些非常希望盡快打出名氣的年輕學(xué)者們,在參加每次會(huì)議報(bào)告時(shí),都默默地按照我在上一段中所說(shuō)的實(shí)踐一下(但不是實(shí)際去做)。這種訓(xùn)練除了能讓你成名外,還有其他好處。首先,它迫使你排除各種干擾,迅速弄清論文或報(bào)告的本質(zhì)。在當(dāng)前這個(gè)信息過(guò)剩的時(shí)代,如果你能迅速?zèng)Q定信息的相關(guān)性就會(huì)占有很大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。其次,如果你能夠邊聽(tīng)邊整理報(bào)告,就有機(jī)會(huì)在自己作報(bào)告時(shí),對(duì)別人的提問(wèn)和評(píng)論作出快速反應(yīng)。再次,簡(jiǎn)明扼地表達(dá)自己是非常值得努力掌握的職業(yè)技巧。最后,如果您能夠感覺(jué)到別人想說(shuō)卻說(shuō)不明白的內(nèi)容,然后言簡(jiǎn)意賅地替他表達(dá)出來(lái),這表明你是一個(gè)很好的聽(tīng)眾或演講人。簡(jiǎn)而言之,我不是在建議你站起來(lái)對(duì)每篇論文或每個(gè)報(bào)告評(píng)論一番(因?yàn)檫@樣做你很快就會(huì)討人厭),而是,把上面斜體段落的內(nèi)容銘記于心,在傾聽(tīng)每個(gè)報(bào)告的時(shí)候就好像你真的要發(fā)表評(píng)論似的。大多數(shù)人終其一生也不過(guò)只有為數(shù)不多的幾個(gè)真正好的想法。上文建議的練習(xí)方法會(huì)幫助你在機(jī)會(huì)終于降臨的時(shí)候,把自己的想法推銷出去。我回憶起多年前在美國(guó)的一次會(huì)議上親身經(jīng)歷。一位講英語(yǔ)的人使用了一套法語(yǔ)玻璃幻燈片(這是在 PPT 和液晶投影儀之前的用具)。他的理由是他剛剛在巴黎做了這個(gè)報(bào)告,盡管他是用英語(yǔ)演講,而且下面的聽(tīng)眾也講的是英語(yǔ),他用同樣的幻燈片比較 “ 方便 ” 一些(也就是說(shuō)他很懶)。我當(dāng)時(shí)的反應(yīng)是要么此人對(duì)聽(tīng)眾不尊重,要么他想炫耀自己的法語(yǔ)。但無(wú)論如何這么做都是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹R虼?,我等到?wèn)答時(shí)間的時(shí)候站了起來(lái)(先用中文然后用英語(yǔ)翻譯了一下),我說(shuō): “ 我用中文問(wèn)問(wèn)題因?yàn)檫@對(duì)我而言更 ‘ 方便 39?!?我的舉動(dòng)博得了滿堂喝彩,大家起立為我鼓掌。也許這樣做我多了一個(gè)敵人,但同時(shí)贏得了許多的朋友。盡管這是一個(gè)非專業(yè)性的例子,但它確實(shí)能夠說(shuō)明我在“如何發(fā)言”這個(gè)問(wèn)題上想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。(科學(xué)網(wǎng) 任霄鵬譯 何姣校)