【正文】
ey. I / You / They + have + past participle He / She / It + has + past participle I / You / They + have not + past participle haven’t He / She / It + has not + past participle hasn’t Abbreviations 縮寫形式 I’ve you’ve they’ve he’s she’s it’s Helen’s ….. past participle (過(guò)去分詞) cleaned, decorated +ed bought (buy), sent( send) irregular verbs (不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞) Past Participle (過(guò)去分詞) e e bring – brought have/ has(擁有) had go – gone understand understood